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Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1, also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor-related 1 (NTRKR1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ROR1gene.[1][2][3] ROR1 is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR) family.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor tyrosine kinase that modulates neurite growth in the central nervous system. It is a type I membrane protein and belongs to the ROR subfamily of cell surface receptors.[1] ROR1 is currently under investigation for its role in the metastasis of cancer cells.[4]
ROR1 has recently been shown to be expressed on ovarian cancer stem cell, on which it seems to play a functional role in promoting migration/invasion or spheroid formation in vitro and tumor engraftment in immune-deficient mice. Treatment with a humanized mAb specific for ROR1 (UC-961) could inhibit the capacity of ovarian cancer cells to migrate, form spheroids, or engraft immune-deficient mice. Moreover, such treatment inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts, which in turn had a reduced capacity to engraft immune-deficient mice and were relatively depleted of cells with features of CSC, suggesting that treatment with UC-961 could impair CSC renewal. Collectively, these studies indicate that ovarian CSCs express ROR1, which may be targeted for anti-CSC therapy.[5]
↑Masiakowski P, Carroll RD (Dec 1992). "A novel family of cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase-like domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (36): 26181–90. PMID1334494.
↑Reddy UR, Phatak S, Pleasure D (Oct 1996). "Human neural tissues express a truncated Ror1 receptor tyrosine kinase, lacking both extracellular and transmembrane domains". Oncogene. 13 (7): 1555–9. PMID8875995.
Reddy UR, Phatak S, Allen C, Nycum LM, Sulman EP, White PS, Biegel JA (Apr 1997). "Localization of the human Ror1 gene (NTRKR1) to chromosome 1p31-p32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrid analysis". Genomics. 41 (2): 283–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4653. PMID9143508.
Baskar S, Kwong KY, Hofer T, Levy JM, Kennedy MG, Lee E, Staudt LM, Wilson WH, Wiestner A, Rader C (Jan 2008). "Unique cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Clinical Cancer Research. 14 (2): 396–404. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1823. PMID18223214.
Shabani M, Asgarian-Omran H, Omran HA, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Vossough P, Faranoush M, Sharifian RA, Toughe GR, Kordmahin M, Khoshnoodi J, Roohi A, Tavoosi N, Mellstedt H, Rabbani H, Shokri F (2007). "Overexpression of orphan receptor tyrosine kinase Ror1 as a putative tumor-associated antigen in Iranian patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Tumour Biology. 28 (6): 318–26. doi:10.1159/000121405. PMID18354269.
Daneshmanesh AH, Mikaelsson E, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Bayat AA, Ghods R, Ostadkarampour M, Akhondi M, Lagercrantz S, Larsson C, Osterborg A, Shokri F, Mellstedt H, Rabbani H (Sep 2008). "Ror1, a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and may serve as a putative target for therapy". International Journal of Cancer. 123 (5): 1190–5. doi:10.1002/ijc.23587. PMID18546292.
Smith EN, Bloss CS, Badner JA, Barrett T, Belmonte PL, Berrettini W, Byerley W, Coryell W, Craig D, Edenberg HJ, Eskin E, Foroud T, Gershon E, Greenwood TA, Hipolito M, Koller DL, Lawson WB, Liu C, Lohoff F, McInnis MG, McMahon FJ, Mirel DB, Murray SS, Nievergelt C, Nurnberger J, Nwulia EA, Paschall J, Potash JB, Rice J, Schulze TG, Scheftner W, Panganiban C, Zaitlen N, Zandi PP, Zöllner S, Schork NJ, Kelsoe JR (Aug 2009). "Genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder in European American and African American individuals". Molecular Psychiatry. 14 (8): 755–63. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.43. PMC3035981. PMID19488044.
