Fat embolism syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Laboratory Findings

Fat embolism syndrome is associated with elevations in the following laboratory values:

• Plasma PLA2 (phospholipase A2)
• Nitrate/nitrite
• Methylguanidine
• TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α)
• IL-1β (interleukin-1β)
• IL-10 (interleukin-10)

The recovery of fat from pulmonary artery (PA) catheter wedged blood, sputum and urine is nonspecific. One study found fat in 50% of sera from patients with long bone fractures who had no evidence of FES. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) seem to be more specific by demonstrating fat droplets in alveolar macrophages.