Fat embolism syndrome medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Medical Therapy
The mainstay of treatment of fat embolism syndrome is supportive care and early thrombolysation. Following are the main steps used for the management:
Conservative management
- In ICU supportive care
- Fluid resuscitation
- Supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation
- Intracranial monitoring and frequent neurological examination if central nervous system dysfunction is present.
Supplemental oxygen
- High flow supplemental oxygen should be insued to maintain arterial oxygenation.
Anticoagulation
The goals of anticoagulant therapy are as follows:
- Heparin stimulates the activity of lipase which accelerates the clearance of fat from the circulation.
Corticosteroids
Fluid resuscitation
The aims of fluid resuscitation are as follows:
- Maintaining intravascular volume
- Binding of fatty acids released into the circulation
- Decrease the lung injury
Albumin along with balanced electrolyte solution is recommended.