Renal amyloidosis overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
- In 1639, Nicolaus Fontanus autopsied a young man who had ascitis, jaundice, liver abscess and splenomegaly and his report has been the first description of amyloidosis.[1]
- In 1854, Rudolph Virchow introduced the term of amyloid as an macroscopic abnormality in some tissues.[2]
- In 1969, Finnish-type familial amyloidosis (FAF) was first described as one of the causes of renal amyloidosis.[3]
Classification
Renal amyloidosis may be classified according to site of amyloid deposition into 3 subtypes:[4]
- Glomerular amyloid deposition (more common and have a poorer prognosis)
- Vascular amyloid deposition
- Tubular amyloid deposition
Renal amyloidosis may be classified according to type of amyloidogenic protein into 3 subtypes:[5]
| Amyloidosis type | Amyloidogenic protein | |
|---|---|---|
| Common types | AL/AHL/AH
(Primary amyloidosis) |
Ig light chains (AL) |
| Fragments of Ig heavy chains and light chains (AHL) | ||
| Fragments of heavy chains only (AH) | ||
| AA
(Secondary amyloidosis) |
Serum amyloid A | |
| Rare types | AFib | Fibrinogen A α chain |
| AApo AI/AII/AIV | Apo AI, Apo AII, or Apo AIV | |
| ATTR | Transthyretin | |
| ALys | Lysozyme | |
| AGel | Gelsolin | |
| ALECT2 | Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 |
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Renal amyloidosis from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
- ↑ Kyle RA (June 2011). "Amyloidosis: a brief history". Amyloid. 18 Suppl 1: 6–7. doi:10.3109/13506129.2011.574354001. PMID 21838413.
- ↑ Sipe JD, Cohen AS (June 2000). "Review: history of the amyloid fibril". J. Struct. Biol. 130 (2–3): 88–98. doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4221. PMID 10940217.
- ↑ Yamanaka S, Miyazaki Y, Kasai K, Ikeda S, Kiuru-Enari S, Hosoya T (April 2013). "Hereditary renal amyloidosis caused by a heterozygous G654A gelsolin mutation: a report of two cases". Clin Kidney J. 6 (2): 189–93. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft007. PMC 4432447. PMID 26019848.
- ↑ Bilginer Y, Akpolat T, Ozen S (August 2011). "Renal amyloidosis in children". Pediatr. Nephrol. 26 (8): 1215–27. doi:10.1007/s00467-011-1797-x. PMC 3119800. PMID 21360109.
- ↑ Said SM, Sethi S, Valeri AM, Leung N, Cornell LD, Fidler ME, Herrera Hernandez L, Vrana JA, Theis JD, Quint PS, Dogan A, Nasr SH (September 2013). "Renal amyloidosis: origin and clinicopathologic correlations of 474 recent cases". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 8 (9): 1515–23. doi:10.2215/CJN.10491012. PMC 3805078. PMID 23704299.