Aplastic anemia pathophysiology

Aplastic anemia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2] Nazia Fuad M.D.

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Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of bone marrow can be understood as follows:

• Bone marrow is a spongy tissue, found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones
• It is higly vascularized and richly innervated
• Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis
• It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and stromal cells.
• The hematopoiesis is controlled by a various regulatory mechanisms, including growth factors.
• The normal bone marrow structure can be damaged or displaced by aplastic anemia, malignancies or infections.
• This leads to decrease production of blood cells and blood platelets.

.

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.

OR

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name]