Milk-alkali syndrome epidemiology and demographics

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Overview

The exact incidence and prevalence of of milk-alkali syndrome is not known. With the introduction of histamine antagonists and decrease in antacid consumption since the 1970s, the incidence of milk-alkali syndrome has decreased significantly. However, since the 1990s, there has been an increase in milk-alkali syndrome due to increase in calcium and vitamin D consumption in postmenopausal women for osteoporosis prevention. Milk-alkali syndrome is the third most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients after primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancies.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

• The exact incidence of milk-alkali syndrome is not known. (patel)

• With the introduction of histamine antagonists and decrease in antacid consumption since the 1970s, the incidence of milk-alkali syndrome has decreased significantly. However, since the 1990s, there has been an increase in milk-alkali syndrome due to increase in calcium and vitamin D consumption in postmenopausal women for osteoporosis prevention. (6=7)

Prevalence

• The exact prevalence of milk-alkali syndrome is not known.

• Milk-alkali syndrome is the third most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients after primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancies. (4beal7)

Age

• Currently, the 'modern' milk-alkali syndrome mostly affects postmenopausal women who consume calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention. (6-8)alfanso)i

• The 'classic' milk-alkali syndrome mostly affected middle aged men who consumed the 'Sippy Powder' for peptic ulcer disease, and has disappeared with the introduction of histamine-2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1976 and 1989, respectively. (alfano)

Gender

• Currently, the 'modern' milk-alkali syndrome mostly affects postmenopausal women who consume calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention. (6-8)alfanso)i

• The 'classic' milk-alkali syndrome mostly affected middle aged men who consumed the 'Sippy Powder' for peptic ulcer disease, and has disappeared with the introduction of histamine-2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1976 and 1989, respectively. (alfano)