Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia epidemiology and demographics
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- AMKL is the most common subtype of AML reported in Down syndrome patients.[1] It is more common in children compared with adults. The prevalence in children and adults is ~15% and 0.6%, respectively.[2][3]
- Down syndrome patients carry a 200 fold increased risk of developing AMKL vs. non-Down syndrome patients.[4] It almost exclusively occurs in the first 3 years of life.[5][6]
- Transient leukemia (TL) occurs in approximately 10% of Down syndrome infants, which is also attributed to transient myeloproliferative disorder.[7][8] In most cases, TL spontaneously resolves; however, during the first four years of life, it progresses to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in 13% to 33% of patients.[9]
References
- ↑ Xavier, Ana C.; Ge, Yubin; Taub, Jeffrey W. (2009). "Down Syndrome and Malignancies: A Unique Clinical Relationship". The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 11 (5): 371–380. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080132. ISSN 1525-1578.
- ↑ Xavier, Ana C.; Ge, Yubin; Taub, Jeffrey W. (2009). "Down Syndrome and Malignancies: A Unique Clinical Relationship". The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 11 (5): 371–380. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080132. ISSN 1525-1578.
- ↑ Pagano, L; Pulsoni, A; Vignetti, M; Mele, L; Fianchi, L; Petti, MC; Mirto, S; Falcucci, P; Fazi, P; Broccia, G; Specchia, G; Di Raimondo, F; Pacilli, L; Leoni, P; Ladogana, S; Gallo, E; Venditti, A; Avanzi, G; Camera, A; Liso, V; Leone, G; Mandelli, F (2002). "Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: experience of GIMEMA trials". Leukemia. 16 (9): 1622–1626. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402618. ISSN 0887-6924.
- ↑ Zipursky, Alvin; Peeters, Marie; Poon, Annette (2009). "Megakaryoblastic Leukemia and Down's Syndrome: A Review". Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 4 (3): 211–230. doi:10.3109/08880018709141272. ISSN 0888-0018.
- ↑ Xavier, Ana C.; Ge, Yubin; Taub, Jeffrey W. (2009). "Down Syndrome and Malignancies: A Unique Clinical Relationship". The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 11 (5): 371–380. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080132. ISSN 1525-1578.
- ↑ Zipursky, Alvin; Peeters, Marie; Poon, Annette (2009). "Megakaryoblastic Leukemia and Down's Syndrome: A Review". Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 4 (3): 211–230. doi:10.3109/08880018709141272. ISSN 0888-0018.
- ↑ Zipursky, Alvin (2003). "Transient leukaemia - a benign form of leukaemia in newborn infants with trisomy 21". British Journal of Haematology. 120 (6): 930–938. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04229.x. ISSN 0007-1048.
- ↑ Pine, Sharon R.; Guo, Qianxu; Yin, Changhong; Jayabose, Somasundaram; Druschel, Charlotte M.; Sandoval, Claudio (2007). "Incidence and clinical implications of GATA1 mutations in newborns with Down syndrome". Blood. 110 (6): 2128–2131. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-069542. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ Klusmann, Jan-Henning; Creutzig, Ursula; Zimmermann, Martin; Dworzak, Michael; Jorch, Norbert; Langebrake, Claudia; Pekrun, Arnulf; Macakova-Reinhardt, Katarina; Reinhardt, Dirk (2008). "Treatment and prognostic impact of transient leukemia in neonates with Down syndrome". Blood. 111 (6): 2991–2998. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-118810. ISSN 0006-4971.