Aplastic anemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Overview
Natural History
Untreated aplastic anemia is an illness that leads to rapid death, typically within six months.
Complications
Prognosis
If the disease is diagnosed correctly and initial treatment is begun promptly, then the survival rate for the next five to ten years is substantially improved, and many patients live well beyond that length of time.
Occasionally, milder cases of the disease resolve on their own. Relapses of previously controlled disease are, however, much more common.
Well-matched bone marrow transplants from siblings have been successful in young, otherwise healthy people, with a long-term survival rate of 80%-90%. Most successful BMT recipients eventually reach a point where they consider themselves cured for all practical purposes, although they need to be compliant with follow-up care permanently.
Older people (who are generally too frail to undergo bone marrow transplants) and people who are unable to find a good bone marrow match have five year survival rate of up to 75%.