Peripheral arterial disease medical therapy
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Peripheral arterial disease Microchapters |
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Differentiating Peripheral arterial disease from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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AHA/ACC Guidelines on Management of Lower Extremity PAD |
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Guidelines for Structured Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD |
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Guidelines for Minimizing Tissue Loss in Lower Extremity PAD |
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Guidelines for Revascularization of Claudication in Lower Extremity PAD |
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Guidelines for Management of Acute Limb Ischemial in Lower Extremity PAD |
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Guidelines for Longitudinal Follow-up for Lower Extremity PAD |
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Peripheral arterial disease medical therapy On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Peripheral arterial disease medical therapy |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Peripheral arterial disease |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Peripheral arterial disease medical therapy |
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
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Overview
Medical Therapy
2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline) - Recommendations for Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Drugs (DO NOT EDIT)
| Class I |
| 1. Antiplatelet therapy is indicated to reduce the risk of MI, stroke, and vascular death in individuals with symptomatic atherosclerotic lower extremity PAD, including those with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia, prior lower extremity revascularization (endovascular or surgical), or prior amputation for lower extremity ischemia. (Level of Evidence: A) |
| 2. Aspirin, typically in daily doses of 75 to 325 mg, is recommended as safe and effective antiplatelet therapy to reduce the risk of MI, stroke, or vascular death in individuals with symptomatic atherosclerotic lower extremity PAD, including those with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia, prior lower extremity revascularization (endovascular or surgical), or prior amputation for lower extremity ischemia.(Level of Evidence: B) (changed from A to B) |
| 3. Clopidogrel (75 mg per day) is recommended as a safe and effective alternative antiplatelet therapy to aspirin to reduce the risk of MI, ischemic stroke, or vascular death in individuals with symptomatic atherosclerotic lower extremity PAD, including those with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia, prior lower extremity revascularization (endovascular or surgical), or prior amputation for lower extremity ischemia. (Level of Evidence: B) |
| Class III (No Benefit) |
| 1. In the absence of any other proven indication for warfarin, its addition to antiplatelet therapy to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular ischemic events in individuals with atherosclerotic lower extremity PAD is of no benefit and is potentially harmful due to increased risk of major bleeding. (Level of Evidence: B)(changed from C to B) |
| Class IIa |
| 1. Antiplatelet therapy can be useful to reduce the risk of MI, stroke, or vascular death in asymptomatic individuals with an ABI less than or equal to 0.90. (Level of Evidence: C) |
| Class IIa |
| 1. The usefulness of antiplatelet therapy to reduce the risk of MI, stroke, or vascular death in asymptomatic individuals with borderline abnormal ABI, defined as 0.91 to 0.99, is not well established. (Level of Evidence: A) |
| 2. The combination of aspirin and clopidogrel may be considered to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic lower extremity PAD, including those with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia, prior lower extremity revascularization (endovascular or surgical), or prior amputation for lower extremity ischemia and who are not at increased risk of bleeding and who are at high perceived cardiovascular risk. (Level of Evidence: B) |
FDA Approved Drugs:
- Pentoxifylline
- Cilostazol
- Side effects:
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Gastric upset
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Side effects:
Drugs Under Investigation:
- Atorvastatin
- Rosiglitazone
- Propionyl- L-Carnitine
- L-Arginine
- Prostaglandins
- Angiogenic Factors: VEGF,bFGF
Chronic Pharmacotherapies
- Antiplatelet therapy is indicated for all patients with PAD unless contraindicated for a compelling reason
- Aspirin is recommended, which reduces vascular events and appears to prevent peripheral arterial occlusion after revascularization procedures