Avian influenza pathophysiology

Avian influenza Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Genetics

Genetic factors in distinguishing between "human flu viruses" and "avian flu viruses" include:

• PB2: (RNA polymerase): Amino acid (or residue) position 627 in the PB2 protein encoded by the PB2 RNA gene. Until H5N1, all known avian influenza viruses had a Glu at position 627, while all human influenza viruses had a lysine.
• HA: (hemagglutinin): Avian influenza HA bind alpha 2-3 sialic acid receptors while human influenza HA bind alpha 2-6 sialic acid receptors. Swine influenza viruses have the ability to bind both types of sialic acid receptors.