Small cell carcinoma of the lung history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]
Overview
Small cell lung cancer comprises 15% to 25% of bronchogenic carcinomas and it is the cancer most commnoly associated with a plethora of paraneoplastic syndromes.[1] It usually develops in the upper airways and involves the hilum and mediastinum. Most of the times, evidence of regional or distant metastases is found at the time patients present with small cell lung carcinoma. [2]
History and Symptoms
- Patients are typically men older than 70 years, heavy current or ex-smokers and have a lot of pulmonary , cardiovascular, and metabolic comorbidities.
- Early small cell carcinoma of the lung does not have any symptoms. Initial presenting symptoms may be airway related, but are often constitutional and attributable to metastases:[3][4]
- Cough 75%
- Weight loss 68%
- Dyspnea 60%
- Chest pain 49%
- Hemoptysis 35%
- Bone pain 25%
- Clubbing 20%
- Fever 20%
- Weakness 10%
- Superior vena cava syndrome 4%
- Dysphagia 2%
- New onset of wheezing and stridor 2%
- SCLC is the most frequent cause of paraneoplastic syndromes, being the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis and cushing's syndrome the most common.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Sher T, Dy GK, Adjei AA (2008). "Small cell lung cancer". Mayo Clin Proc. 83 (3): 355–67. doi:10.4065/83.3.355. PMID 18316005.
- ↑ Spiro SG, Gould MK, Colice GL, American College of Chest Physicians (2007). "Initial evaluation of the patient with lung cancer: symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and paraneoplastic syndromes: ACCP evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition)". Chest. 132 (3 Suppl): 149S–160S. doi:10.1378/chest.07-1358. PMID 17873166.
- ↑ Grippi MA (1990). "Clinical aspects of lung cancer". Semin Roentgenol. 25 (1): 12–24. PMID 2181676.
- ↑ Hyde L, Hyde CI (1974). "Clinical manifestations of lung cancer". Chest. 65 (3): 299–306. PMID 4813837.
- ↑ Ellison DH, Berl T (2007). "Clinical practice. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis". N Engl J Med. 356 (20): 2064–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp066837. PMID 17507705.
- ↑ Boscaro M, Arnaldi G (2009). "Approach to the patient with possible Cushing's syndrome". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 94 (9): 3121–31. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0612. PMID 19734443.