Amenorrhea ultrasound
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amenorrhea ultrasound |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no echocardiography findings associated with amenorrhea. However, an echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of the diseases that can cause amenorrhea, such as Turner syndrome. Findings on an echocardiography suggestive of Turner syndrome include bicuspid aortic valve, elongation of transverse aortic arch, coarctation of aorta, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR). There are no ultrasound findings associated with amenorrhea. However, an ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of the diseases that can cause amenorrhea, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency, androgen insensitivity syndrome, 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency, and also anatomic genital defects.
Echocardiography
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- There are no echocardiography findings associated with amenorrhea. However, an echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of the diseases that can cause amenorrhea, such as Turner syndrome.
- Findings on an echocardiography suggestive of Turner syndrome include:[2]
- Bicuspid aortic valve (39.2%)
- Elongation of transverse aortic arch (31.4%)
- Coarctation of aorta (15.7%)
- Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) (15.7%)
Ultrasound
- There are no ultrasound findings associated with amenorrhea. However, an ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of the diseases that can cause amenorrhea, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian insufficiency, androgen insensitivity syndrome, 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency, and also anatomic genital defects.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
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- Rotterdam criteria is diagnostic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Rotterdam criteria uses ultrasound findings which include:[5]
- Other findings on an ultrasound suggestive of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include:[5]
- Increased stromal echogenicity
- Increased stromal volume
- Peripheral location of follicles, which can give a "string of pearl" appearance
Premature ovarian insufficiency
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of premature ovarian insufficiency include:[7]
- Streak ovaries: Fibrous tissue substituted in ovaries.
- Uterus hypoplasia: Lack or shrinkage of the uterus.
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of androgen insensitivity syndrome include:[10]
- Bilateral cryptorchidism
- Juxta or rudimentary uterus
- Shortened vagina
17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency include:[11]
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Anatomic genital defects
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of imperforate hymen include:[14][15]
- Hypoechoic mass in the vagina (hematocolpos) and enlarged uterus (haematometra)
- Normal ovaries
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of Asherman's syndrome include:[16]
- Hypoechoic bands through the endometrial cavity.
- Findings on a combined abdominal-perineal ultrasound suggestive of transverse vaginal septum include:[17]
- Abdominal ultrasound: Large hourglass-shape hypoechoic abdominopelvic mass with bilateral symmetric tubular projections
- Perineal ultrasound: Short depth vagina with a hyperechoic shelf (septum) beneath a large hypoechoic mass (hematocolpos)
References
- ↑ WikiEcho.org. From the case <"http://www.wikiecho.org/w/images/7/77/CoarctationCW.png">
- ↑ Kim HK, Gottliebson W, Hor K, Backeljauw P, Gutmark-Little I, Salisbury SR, Racadio JM, Helton-Skally K, Fleck R (2011). "Cardiovascular anomalies in Turner syndrome: spectrum, prevalence, and cardiac MRI findings in a pediatric and young adult population". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196 (2): 454–60. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.4973. PMID 21257900.
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/23638">rID: 23638
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/11803">rID: 11803
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, Dewailly D (2003). "Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions". Hum. Reprod. Update. 9 (6): 505–14. PMID 14714587.
- ↑ Lujan ME, Jarrett BY, Brooks ED, Reines JK, Peppin AK, Muhn N, Haider E, Pierson RA, Chizen DR (2013). "Updated ultrasound criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: reliable thresholds for elevated follicle population and ovarian volume". Hum. Reprod. 28 (5): 1361–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/det062. PMID 23503943.
- ↑ Beck-Peccoz P, Persani L (2006). "Premature ovarian failure". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 9. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-9. PMC 1502130. PMID 16722528.
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case < "https://radiopaedia.org/cases/15786">rID: 15786
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/5663">rID: 5663
- ↑ Tank, Jay; Knoll, Abraham; Gilet, Anthony; Kim, Susanne (2015). "Imaging characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome". Clinical Imaging. 39 (4): 707–710. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2015.02.002. ISSN 0899-7071.
- ↑ Malcolm PN, Wright DJ, Edmonds CJ (1992). "Deficiency of 17 alpha-hydroxylase associated with absent gonads". Postgrad Med J. 68 (795): 59–61. PMC 2399301. PMID 1561195.
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/35073">rID: 35073
- ↑ Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/14540">rID: 14540
- ↑ Lardenoije C, Aardenburg R, Mertens H (2009). "Imperforate hymen: a cause of abdominal pain in female adolescents". BMJ Case Rep. 2009. doi:10.1136/bcr.08.2008.0722. PMC 3029536. PMID 21686660.
- ↑ Mohammed Abd Elgyoum, Ala (2016). "Case Report Diagnosing of Imperforate Hymen by Ultrasound". International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 4 (3): 27. doi:10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.13. ISSN 2330-7560.
- ↑ Knopman J, Copperman AB (2007). "Value of 3D ultrasound in the management of suspected Asherman's syndrome". J Reprod Med. 52 (11): 1016–22. PMID 18161399.
- ↑ Meyer WR, McCoy MC, Fritz MA (1995). "Combined abdominal-perineal sonography to assist in diagnosis of transverse vaginal septum". Obstet Gynecol. 85 (5 Pt 2): 882–4. PMID 7724147.
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