Autoimmune retinopathy classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: M. Hassan, M.B.B.S
Overview
Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) and paraneoplastic AIR. Paraneoplastic AIR is most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast and gynecologic (uterine, ovarian and cervical) carcinoma. Other cancer associations include hematological, prostate, colon and lymphomas. Non-paraneoplastic AIR, which is the most prevalent form of AIR, is seen in the absence of neoplasms. AIR can also be a secondary complication of other conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, ocular trauma, birdshot retinopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), or multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).
Classification
- Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) can be broadly classified into two main categories: non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) and paraneoplastic AIR.
- Paraneoplastic AIR is most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast and gynecologic (uterine, ovarian and cervical) carcinoma. Other cancer associations include hematological, prostate, colon and lymphomas.
- Non-paraneoplastic AIR, which is the most prevalent form of AIR, is seen in the absence of neoplasms. [1]
- AIR can also be a secondary complication of other conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, ocular trauma, birdshot retinopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), or multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). [2]
| Type of Autoimmune Retinopathy | Cellular dysfunction |
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| Non-paraneoplastic | Cones or rods or both |
| Paraneoplastic | Cones or rods or both |
| Cancer associated retinopathy | Cones and rods |
| Melanoma associated retinopathy | Rods, antibodies against bipolar cells |
References
- ↑ Canamary AM, Takahashi WY, Sallum JMF (2018). "Autoimmune retinopathy: A Review". Int J Retina Vitreous. 4: 1. doi:10.1186/s40942-017-0104-9. PMC 5759752. PMID 29340169.
- ↑ Heckenlively JR, Ferreyra HA (2008). "Autoimmune retinopathy: a review and summary". Semin Immunopathol. 30 (2): 127–34. doi:10.1007/s00281-008-0114-7. PMID 18408929.