Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly but through transcription factorsMEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.[3] Furthermore, HDAC4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation.[4]
Clinical significance
Studies have shown that HDAC4 regulates bone and muscle development. Harvard University researchers also concluded that it promotes healthy vision: Reduced levels of the protein led to the death of the rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retinas of mice.[5][6]
↑Fischle W, Emiliani S, Hendzel MJ, Nagase T, Nomura N, Voelter W, Verdin E (April 1999). "A new family of human histone deacetylases related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae HDA1p". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (17): 11713–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11713. PMID10206986.
↑ 7.07.1Lemercier C, Brocard MP, Puvion-Dutilleul F, Kao HY, Albagli O, Khochbin S (June 2002). "Class II histone deacetylases are directly recruited by BCL6 transcriptional repressor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (24): 22045–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201736200. PMID11929873.
↑Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tanori M, Micheli L, Mancuso M, Leonardi L, Saran A, Ciotti MT, Ferretti E, Gulino A, Pazzaglia S, Tirone F (July 2007). "Inhibition of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis by the antiproliferative and pro-differentiative gene PC3". FASEB Journal. 21 (9): 2215–25. doi:10.1096/fj.06-7548com. PMID17371797.
↑Watamoto K, Towatari M, Ozawa Y, Miyata Y, Okamoto M, Abe A, Naoe T, Saito H (December 2003). "Altered interaction of HDAC5 with GATA-1 during MEL cell differentiation". Oncogene. 22 (57): 9176–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206902. PMID14668799.
↑ 12.012.112.2Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Hendzel MJ, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Voelter W, Verdin E (January 2002). "Enzymatic activity associated with class II HDACs is dependent on a multiprotein complex containing HDAC3 and SMRT/N-CoR". Molecular Cell. 9 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00429-4. PMID11804585.
↑Fischle W, Dequiedt F, Fillion M, Hendzel MJ, Voelter W, Verdin E (September 2001). "Human HDAC7 histone deacetylase activity is associated with HDAC3 in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (38): 35826–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104935200. PMID11466315.
↑Franco PJ, Li G, Wei LN (August 2003). "Interaction of nuclear receptor zinc finger DNA binding domains with histone deacetylase". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 206 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(03)00254-5. PMID12943985.
↑Franco PJ, Farooqui M, Seto E, Wei LN (August 2001). "The orphan nuclear receptor TR2 interacts directly with both class I and class II histone deacetylases". Molecular Endocrinology. 15 (8): 1318–28. doi:10.1210/mend.15.8.0682. PMID11463856.
↑Chauchereau A, Mathieu M, de Saintignon J, Ferreira R, Pritchard LL, Mishal Z, Dejean A, Harel-Bellan A (November 2004). "HDAC4 mediates transcriptional repression by the acute promyelocytic leukaemia-associated protein PLZF". Oncogene. 23 (54): 8777–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208128. PMID15467736.
Ohara O, Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Nakajima D, Ohira M, Seki N, Nomura N (February 1997). "Construction and characterization of human brain cDNA libraries suitable for analysis of cDNA clones encoding relatively large proteins". DNA Research. 4 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1093/dnares/4.1.53. PMID9179496.
Fischle W, Emiliani S, Hendzel MJ, Nagase T, Nomura N, Voelter W, Verdin E (April 1999). "A new family of human histone deacetylases related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae HDA1p". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (17): 11713–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.17.11713. PMID10206986.
Youn HD, Grozinger CM, Liu JO (July 2000). "Calcium regulates transcriptional repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 by histone deacetylase 4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (29): 22563–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000304200. PMID10825153.
Zhang CL, McKinsey TA, Lu JR, Olson EN (January 2001). "Association of COOH-terminal-binding protein (CtBP) and MEF2-interacting transcription repressor (MITR) contributes to transcriptional repression of the MEF2 transcription factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (1): 35–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007364200. PMID11022042.