MAPK7 is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is specifically activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5/MEK5). It is involved in the downstream signaling processes of various receptor molecules including receptor tyrosine kinases, and G protein-coupled receptors. In response to extracellular signals, this kinase translocates to the cell nucleus, where it regulates gene expression by phosphorylating, and activating different transcription factors. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding two distinct isoforms have been reported.[3]
MAPK7 is also critical for cardiovascular development [4] and is essential for endothelial cell function.[5][6]
↑Purandare SM, Lee JD, Patel PI (March 1999). "Assignment of big MAP kinase (PRKM7) to human chromosome 17 band p11.2 with somatic cell hybrids". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 83 (3–4): 258–9. doi:10.1159/000015199. PMID10072598.
↑ 2.02.1Zhou G, Bao ZQ, Dixon JE (Jun 1995). "Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (21): 12665–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.21.12665. PMID7759517.
↑Hayashi M, Lee JD (Oct 2004). "Role of the BMK1/ERK5 signaling pathway: lessons from knockout mice". J. Mol. Med. 82 (12): 800–8. doi:10.1007/s00109-004-0602-8. PMID15517128.
↑Roberts OL, Holmes K, Müller J, Cross DA, Cross MJ (Dec 2009). "ERK5 and the regulation of endothelial cell function". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37 (Pt 6): 1254–9. doi:10.1042/BST0371254. PMID19909257.
↑Roberts OL, Holmes K, Müller J, Cross DA, Cross MJ (Sep 2010). "ERK5 is required for VEGF-mediated survival and tubular morphogenesis of primary human microvascular endothelial cells". J. Cell Sci. 123 (Pt 18): 3189–200. doi:10.1242/jcs.072801. PMID20736307.
↑English JM, Pearson G, Hockenberry T, Shivakumar L, White MA, Cobb MH (Oct 1999). "Contribution of the ERK5/MEK5 pathway to Ras/Raf signaling and growth control". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (44): 31588–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.44.31588. PMID10531364.
↑Cameron SJ, Malik S, Akaike M, Lerner-Marmarosh N, Yan C, Lee JD, Abe J, Yang J (May 2003). "Regulation of epidermal growth factor-induced connexin 43 gap junction communication by big mitogen-activated protein kinase1/ERK5 but not ERK1/2 kinase activation". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (20): 18682–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M213283200. PMID12637502.
↑Buschbeck M, Eickhoff J, Sommer MN, Ullrich A (Aug 2002). "Phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase PTP-SL regulates the ERK5 signaling pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (33): 29503–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202149200. PMID12042304.
↑Hayashi M, Tapping RI, Chao TH, Lo JF, King CC, Yang Y, Lee JD (Mar 2001). "BMK1 mediates growth factor-induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 8631–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000838200. PMID11254654.
↑Zheng Q, Yin G, Yan C, Cavet M, Berk BC (Mar 2004). "14-3-3beta binds to big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1/ERK5) and regulates BMK1 function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (10): 8787–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310212200. PMID14679215.
Further reading
Lee JD, Ulevitch RJ, Han J (1995). "Primary structure of BMK1: a new mammalian map kinase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 213 (2): 715–24. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2189. PMID7646528.
Warn-Cramer BJ, Lampe PD, Kurata WE, Kanemitsu MY, Loo LW, Eckhart W, Lau AF (1996). "Characterization of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation sites on the connexin-43 gap junction protein". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (7): 3779–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.7.3779. PMID8631994.
English JM, Pearson G, Baer R, Cobb MH (1998). "Identification of substrates and regulators of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5 using chimeric protein kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (7): 3854–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.7.3854. PMID9461566.
Grunwald ME, Yu WP, Yu HH, Yau KW (1998). "Identification of a domain on the beta-subunit of the rod cGMP-gated cation channel that mediates inhibition by calcium-calmodulin". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 9148–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9148. PMID9535905.
Warn-Cramer BJ, Cottrell GT, Burt JM, Lau AF (1998). "Regulation of connexin-43 gap junctional intercellular communication by mitogen-activated protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 9188–96. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9188. PMID9535909.
Kamakura S, Moriguchi T, Nishida E (1999). "Activation of the protein kinase ERK5/BMK1 by receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification and characterization of a signaling pathway to the nucleus". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (37): 26563–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.37.26563. PMID10473620.
English JM, Pearson G, Hockenberry T, Shivakumar L, White MA, Cobb MH (1999). "Contribution of the ERK5/MEK5 pathway to Ras/Raf signaling and growth control". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (44): 31588–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.44.31588. PMID10531364.
Fukuhara S, Marinissen MJ, Chiariello M, Gutkind JS (2000). "Signaling from G protein-coupled receptors to ERK5/Big MAPK 1 involves Galpha q and Galpha 12/13 families of heterotrimeric G proteins. Evidence for the existence of a novel Ras AND Rho-independent pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (28): 21730–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002410200. PMID10781600.
Kato Y, Zhao M, Morikawa A, Sugiyama T, Chakravortty D, Koide N, Yoshida T, Tapping RI, Yang Y, Yokochi T, Lee JD (2000). "Big mitogen-activated kinase regulates multiple members of the MEF2 protein family". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (24): 18534–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001573200. PMID10849446.
Yan C, Luo H, Lee JD, Abe J, Berk BC (2001). "Molecular cloning of mouse ERK5/BMK1 splice variants and characterization of ERK5 functional domains". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (14): 10870–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009286200. PMID11139578.
Hayashi M, Tapping RI, Chao TH, Lo JF, King CC, Yang Y, Lee JD (2001). "BMK1 mediates growth factor-induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 8631–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000838200. PMID11254654.
Dong F, Gutkind JS, Larner AC (2001). "Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induces ERK5 activation, which is differentially regulated by protein-tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C. Regulation of cell proliferation and survival". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (14): 10811–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008748200. PMID11278431.
Watson FL, Heerssen HM, Bhattacharyya A, Klesse L, Lin MZ, Segal RA (2001). "Neurotrophins use the Erk5 pathway to mediate a retrograde survival response". Nat. Neurosci. 4 (10): 981–8. doi:10.1038/nn720. PMID11544482.