28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS21gene.[1][2]
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and assist protein synthesis within the mitochondrion.[1] Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family.[2]Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q.[3] Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein.[4]
References
↑ 1.01.1Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, Magoori M, Kuniba M, Higa S, Watanabe K, Tanaka T (September 2001). "The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 77 (1–2): 65–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6622. PMID11543634.
↑ 2.02.1Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, Moseley A, Spremulli LL (June 2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19363–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100727200. PMID11279123.
Zhang Z, Gerstein M (2003). "Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome". Genomics. 81 (5): 468–80. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1. PMID12706105.
Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, et al. (2001). "The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 77 (1–2): 65–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6622. PMID11543634.
Suzuki T, Terasaki M, Takemoto-Hori C, et al. (2001). "Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (35): 33181–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103236200. PMID11402041.
Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, et al. (2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19363–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100727200. PMID11279123.
