Stomatitis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

Many factors contribute the development of stomatitis in an individual. Risk factors for stomatitis include alcohol, smoking, trauma, stress, nutritional deficiency, and immunocompromised status.^[1]

Risk factors

The following risk factors are believed to influence the development of stomatitis:^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Common risk factors

Common risk factors for stomatitis include:

Denture stomatitis

Risk factors for denture stomatitis include:^[7]^[8]

Poor denture hygiene
Wearing dentures overnight
pH of oral mucosal surfaces < 6.5
Nutritional deficiencies
Hematological diseases

Candida stomatitis

HIV
Inhaled glucocorticoid treatment for asthma
Antibiotic use
Diabetes
Denture use
Radiation or chemotherapy

Bovine papular stomatitis

Exposure to infected cow

Pyostomatitis Vegetans

IBD (especially ulcerative colitis)^[9]

Trench mouth or Acute ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis

Hand foot and mouth disease

Risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease include:^[11]

Fatigue
Dehydrant drugs
Maculopapular rash

Nicotinic Stomatitis

Hot beverages^[12]
Pipe smokers^[13]

Contact stomatitis

References

↑ R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Carolina-Cavalieri Gomes, Ricardo-Santiago Gomez, Livia-Guimaraes Zina & Fabricio-Rezende Amaral (2016). "Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori". Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 21 (2): e187–e191. PMID 26827061. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Melnick SL, Roseman JM, Engel D, Cogen RB (1988). "Epidemiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". Epidemiol Rev. 10: 191–211. PMID 3066627.
↑ Shannon IL, Kilgore WG, O'Leary TJ (1969). "Stres as a predisposing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Periodontol. 40 (4): 240–2. doi:10.1902/jop.1969.40.4.240. PMID 5253993.
↑ Shields WD (1977). "Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A study of some of the contributing factors and their validity in an Army population". J Periodontol. 48 (6): 346–9. doi:10.1902/jop.1977.48.6.346. PMID 266582.
↑ Arendorf TM, Walker DM (1987). "Denture stomatitis: a review". J Oral Rehabil. 14 (3): 217–27. PMID 3298586.
↑ Marinoski J, Bokor-Bratić M, Čanković M (2014). "Is denture stomatitis always related with candida infection? A case control study". Med Glas (Zenica). 11 (2): 379–84. PMID 25082257.
↑ Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM (2012). "Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease". Ann Gastroenterol. 25 (1): 21–26. PMC 3959344. PMID 24713996.
↑ Atout RN, Todescan S (2013). "Managing patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Can Dent Assoc. 79: d46. PMID 23763733.
↑ Zhang D, Li R, Zhang W, Li G, Ma Z, Chen X; et al. (2017). "A Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Sci Rep. 7: 40282. doi:10.1038/srep40282. PMC 5233949. PMID 28084311.
↑ dos Santos RB, Katz J (2009). "Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking". Quintessence Int. 40 (7): 537–40. PMID 19626226.
↑ Taybos G (2003). "Oral changes associated with tobacco use". Am J Med Sci. 326 (4): 179–82. PMID 14557730.

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[1] R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[2] R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[3] Carolina-Cavalieri Gomes, Ricardo-Santiago Gomez, Livia-Guimaraes Zina & Fabricio-Rezende Amaral (2016). "Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori". Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 21 (2): e187–e191. PMID 26827061. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid3066627-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Melnick SL, Roseman JM, Engel D, Cogen RB (1988). "Epidemiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". Epidemiol Rev. 10: 191–211. PMID 3066627.

[pmid5253993-5] Shannon IL, Kilgore WG, O'Leary TJ (1969). "Stres as a predisposing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Periodontol. 40 (4): 240–2. doi:10.1902/jop.1969.40.4.240. PMID 5253993.

[pmid266582-6] Shields WD (1977). "Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A study of some of the contributing factors and their validity in an Army population". J Periodontol. 48 (6): 346–9. doi:10.1902/jop.1977.48.6.346. PMID 266582.

[pmid3298586-7] Arendorf TM, Walker DM (1987). "Denture stomatitis: a review". J Oral Rehabil. 14 (3): 217–27. PMID 3298586.

[pmid25082257-8] Marinoski J, Bokor-Bratić M, Čanković M (2014). "Is denture stomatitis always related with candida infection? A case control study". Med Glas (Zenica). 11 (2): 379–84. PMID 25082257.

[pmid24713996-9] Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM (2012). "Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease". Ann Gastroenterol. 25 (1): 21–26. PMC 3959344. PMID 24713996.

[pmid23763733-10] Atout RN, Todescan S (2013). "Managing patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Can Dent Assoc. 79: d46. PMID 23763733.

[pmid28084311-11] Zhang D, Li R, Zhang W, Li G, Ma Z, Chen X; et al. (2017). "A Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Sci Rep. 7: 40282. doi:10.1038/srep40282. PMC 5233949. PMID 28084311.

[pmid19626226-12] s Santos RB, Katz J (2009). "Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking". Quintessence Int. 40 (7): 537–40. PMID 19626226.

[pmid14557730-13] Taybos G (2003). "Oral changes associated with tobacco use". Am J Med Sci. 326 (4): 179–82. PMID 14557730.

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