Transitional cell carcinoma laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [2] Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma include blood in the urine, abnormal cells in the urine, and elevated tumor markers such as Bladder tumor–associated antigen (BTA), Nuclear matrix proteins 22 (NMP), NMP52, Mucin,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Hyaluronic acid.
Laboratory Findings
- Blood in the urine ( Gross/Microscopic)
- Abnormal cells in the urine
- Tumor marker tests: Urine biomarkers could have a significant role in determining which individuals require cystoscopy, as well as determining those who might need evaluation of the upper urinary tract.
- Bladder tumor–associated antigen (BTA)[2]
- Nuclear matrix proteins 22 (NMP)[3]
- NMP52[4]
- Mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
- Hyaluronic acid.[5]
- Bladder cancer associated NMP 4 (BLCA-4)[6]
- Survivin
- Cytokeratin (CK) 8 and CK 18.[7]
- Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)[8]
- Fibrin degradation products.[9]
- Complete blood count Low red blood cell count
- Microsatellite analysis
- Immunocytology[10]
- Elevated alkaline phosphatase
- UroVysion test is a multicolor FISH assay using probes that can detect aneuploidy of chromosomes 3, 7, or 17 or loss of the 9p21 locus.[11]
References
- ↑ Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/diagnosis/?region=ab#urinetest Accessed on October, 6 2015
- ↑ Guo A, Wang X, Gao L, Shi J, Sun C, Wan Z (2014). "Bladder tumour antigen (BTA stat) test compared to the urine cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer: A meta-analysis". Can Urol Assoc J. 8 (5–6): E347–52. doi:10.5489/cuaj.1668. PMC 4039599. PMID 24940462.
- ↑ Grossman HB, Messing E, Soloway M, Tomera K, Katz G, Berger Y; et al. (2005). "Detection of bladder cancer using a point-of-care proteomic assay". JAMA. 293 (7): 810–6. doi:10.1001/jama.293.7.810. PMID 15713770.
- ↑ Attallah AM, Sakr HA, Ismail H, Abdel-Hady el-SK, El-Dosoky I (2005). "An office-based immunodiagnostic assay for detecting urinary nuclear matrix protein 52 in patients with bladder cancer". BJU Int. 96 (3): 334–9. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05627.x. PMID 16042726.
- ↑ Lokeshwar VB, Obek C, Pham HT, Wei D, Young MJ, Duncan RC; et al. (2000). "Urinary hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase: markers for bladder cancer detection and evaluation of grade". J Urol. 163 (1): 348–56. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68050-0. PMID 10604388.
- ↑ Getzenberg RH, Konety BR, Oeler TA, Quigley MM, Hakam A, Becich MJ; et al. (1996). "Bladder cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins". Cancer Res. 56 (7): 1690–4. PMID 8603421.
- ↑ Lokeshwar VB, Selzer MG (2006). "Urinary bladder tumor markers". Urol Oncol. 24 (6): 528–37. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.07.003. PMID 17138134.
- ↑ Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, Harley CB, West MD, Ho PL; et al. (1994). "Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer". Science. 266 (5193): 2011–5. doi:10.1126/science.7605428. PMID 7605428.
- ↑ Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, Harley CB, West MD, Ho PL; et al. (1994). "Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer". Science. 266 (5193): 2011–5. doi:10.1126/science.7605428. PMID 7605428.
- ↑ Têtu B, Tiguert R, Harel F, Fradet Y (2005). "ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ improves the sensitivity of urine cytology in patients followed for urothelial carcinoma". Mod Pathol. 18 (1): 83–9. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800262. PMID 15389253.
- ↑ Yoder BJ, Skacel M, Hedgepeth R, Babineau D, Ulchaker JC, Liou LS; et al. (2007). "Reflex UroVysion testing of bladder cancer surveillance patients with equivocal or negative urine cytology: a prospective study with focus on the natural history of anticipatory positive findings". Am J Clin Pathol. 127 (2): 295–301. doi:10.1309/ADJL7E810U1H42BJ. PMID 17210520.