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{{Chronic renal failure}}
{{Chronic renal failure}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AN}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AN}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no pathognomonic symptoms associated with chronic renal failure. [[Malaise]], [[nausea]], unintentional [[weight loss]], [[pruritus]], [[lower extremity edema]], and [[sleep disorders]] are common non-specific symptoms of chronic renal failure.


Common symptoms of chronic renal failure include: [[malaise]], [[pruritus]], [[nausea]], [[edema]], [[vomiting]], [[bone pain]], and [[sleep disorders]] to name a few.
==Personal History and Symptoms==
===Dermatologic===
*Pruritus


===Neuromuscular===
*Anorexia
*Fatigue
*Nausea (especially in the morning)
*Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea
*Hiccups
*Dry mouth
*Headache
*Reduced sense of smell and taste
*Lower extremity cramps and edema
*Restless legs
*Extremity numbness, paresthesias, and weakness (sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy) 
*Seizures
*Decreased mental acquity
*Coma


===Cardiothoracic===
*Chest pain (uremic pericarditis)


==Common symptoms==
===Abdominal===
*General ill feeling and [[fatigue]]
*Abdominal distention (serositis)
*Generalized itching ([[pruritus]]) and [[dry skin]]
*Abdominal discomfort
*[[Headaches]]
*Weight loss without trying
*[[Anorexia]]
*[[Nausea]]
*Drug history and use of [[analgesics]] may be elicited.
*Family history of renal disease may reveal a heritable cause of [[chronic renal failure]] e.g: [[Alport syndrome]], [[Fabry syndrome]], [[cystinuria]], etc.
*Environmental exposure to nephrotoxic agents e.g: heavy metals


'''Nervous system symptoms''':
===Hematologic===
*Drowsiness and [[confusion]]
*Skin pallor
*Inability to concentrate
*Bleeding tendency
*Numbness in the hands, feet, or other areas
*Muscle twitching or cramps
*Breath odor
*Easy bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in the stool
*Excessive thirst
*Frequent hiccups
*Loss of [[libido]] and [[impotence]]
*[[Amenorrhea]]
*Sleep problems, such as [[insomnia]], [[restless leg syndrome]], or [[obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Edema]] of hands and feet
*[[Vomiting]], especially in the morning


===Metabolic===
*Unintentional weight loss
*Amenorrhea
*Sexual dysfunction
**Loss of libido
**Impotence
*Failure to thrive (in children)


==Family History==
*Renal diseases
*History of dialysis or renal transplantation
*History of hearing loss ([[Alport's syndrome]])
*History of inborn errors of metabolism ([[Fabry disease]] or [[cystinuria]])


==Less common symptoms==
==Medications History==
*History of excessive NSAID use
*Chronic exposure to nephrotoxic agents (e.g. heavy metals)


*Abnormally dark or light skin and changes in nails
==References==
*Bone pain
 
==[[References]]==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Nitrogen metabolism]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Organ failure]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 01:06, 3 June 2015

Chronic renal failure Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

There are no pathognomonic symptoms associated with chronic renal failure. Malaise, nausea, unintentional weight loss, pruritus, lower extremity edema, and sleep disorders are common non-specific symptoms of chronic renal failure.

Personal History and Symptoms

Dermatologic

  • Pruritus

Neuromuscular

  • Anorexia
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea (especially in the morning)
  • Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea
  • Hiccups
  • Dry mouth
  • Headache
  • Reduced sense of smell and taste
  • Lower extremity cramps and edema
  • Restless legs
  • Extremity numbness, paresthesias, and weakness (sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy)
  • Seizures
  • Decreased mental acquity
  • Coma

Cardiothoracic

  • Chest pain (uremic pericarditis)

Abdominal

  • Abdominal distention (serositis)
  • Abdominal discomfort

Hematologic

  • Skin pallor
  • Bleeding tendency

Metabolic

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Amenorrhea
  • Sexual dysfunction
    • Loss of libido
    • Impotence
  • Failure to thrive (in children)

Family History

Medications History

  • History of excessive NSAID use
  • Chronic exposure to nephrotoxic agents (e.g. heavy metals)

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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