Spina bifida classification: Difference between revisions
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:* Spina bifida also may be classified according to the tyoe of the vertebrate defect into 2 subtypes:<ref name="pmid5327787">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenworthy ME |title=Introducing the American Orthopsychiatric Association's president for 1966-67: Norman V. Lourie |journal=Am J Orthopsychiatry |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=587–9 |date=July 1966 |pmid=5327787 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4898641">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannur BB, Purandare GM |title=Microbial production of L-lysine |journal=Hindustan Antibiot Bull |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=191–205 |date=February 1969 |pmid=4898641 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | :* Spina bifida also may be classified according to the tyoe of the vertebrate defect into 2 subtypes:<ref name="pmid5327787">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenworthy ME |title=Introducing the American Orthopsychiatric Association's president for 1966-67: Norman V. Lourie |journal=Am J Orthopsychiatry |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=587–9 |date=July 1966 |pmid=5327787 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4898641">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannur BB, Purandare GM |title=Microbial production of L-lysine |journal=Hindustan Antibiot Bull |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=191–205 |date=February 1969 |pmid=4898641 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
:*# [[Spina bifida occulta]]: In this type of spina bifida, the defect of [[vertebrate]] is covered by [[skin]] ("Occulta" means "hidden"). The [[spinal cord]] does not stick out through the skin, although the skin over the lower spine may have a patch of hair, a [[birthmark]], or a dimple above the groove between the [[buttocks]]. | :*# [[Spina bifida occulta]]: In this type of spina bifida, the defect of [[vertebrate]] is covered by [[skin]] ("Occulta" means "hidden"). The [[spinal cord]] does not stick out through the skin, although the skin over the lower spine may have a patch of hair, a [[birthmark]], or a dimple above the groove between the [[buttocks]]. | ||
:*# Spina ifida aperta: In this type of spina bifida , the defect is widely open and is sub classified into 2 types: Meningocele and Myelomeningocele. | :*# Spina ifida aperta: In this type of spina bifida , the defect is widely open and is sub classified into 2 types: [[Meningocele]] and [[Myelomeningocele]]: | ||
:*#:a. [[Meningocele]] is a protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the [[vertebral column]]. | |||
:*#:b. [[Myelomeningocele]] is the most severe form of spina bifida. It happens when both the meninges and the bottom end of the spinal cord push through the hole in the spine, forming a large fluid-filled sac that bulges out of a patients back. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:58, 23 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Spina bifida may be classified according to the level of the lesion into 3 subtypes: Thoracic, lumbarand sacral. It also may be classified according to the tyoe of the vertebrate defect into 2 subtypes: Spina bifida occulta and spina ifida aperta. Meningocele is a protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the vertebral column. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. It happens when both the meninges and the bottom end of the spinal cord push through the hole in the spine, forming a large fluid-filled sac that bulges out of a patients back.
Classification
- Thoracic
- Lack of quadriceps function
- lumbar
- Lack gluteus medius and maximus function
- Retain quadriceps and medial hamstring function
- Sacral
- Lack gastrocnemius-soleus function in high sacral lesions
- Retain gastrocnemius-soleus function in low sacral lesions
- Spina bifida also may be classified according to the tyoe of the vertebrate defect into 2 subtypes:[3][4]
- Spina bifida occulta: In this type of spina bifida, the defect of vertebrate is covered by skin ("Occulta" means "hidden"). The spinal cord does not stick out through the skin, although the skin over the lower spine may have a patch of hair, a birthmark, or a dimple above the groove between the buttocks.
- Spina ifida aperta: In this type of spina bifida , the defect is widely open and is sub classified into 2 types: Meningocele and Myelomeningocele:
- a. Meningocele is a protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the vertebral column.
- b. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. It happens when both the meninges and the bottom end of the spinal cord push through the hole in the spine, forming a large fluid-filled sac that bulges out of a patients back.
- Thoracic
References
- ↑ Lannering B, Albertsson-Wikland K (July 1989). "Improved growth response to GH treatment in irradiated children". Acta Paediatr Scand. 78 (4): 562–7. PMID 2782071.
- ↑ Swank M, Dias LS (1994). "Walking ability in spina bifida patients: a model for predicting future ambulatory status based on sitting balance and motor level". J Pediatr Orthop. 14 (6): 715–8. PMID 7814582.
- ↑ Kenworthy ME (July 1966). "Introducing the American Orthopsychiatric Association's president for 1966-67: Norman V. Lourie". Am J Orthopsychiatry. 36 (4): 587–9. PMID 5327787.
- ↑ Bannur BB, Purandare GM (February 1969). "Microbial production of L-lysine". Hindustan Antibiot Bull. 11 (3): 191–205. PMID 4898641.