Amenorrhea other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Karyotyping]] is used to diagnose amenorrhea caused by [[chromosomal disorder]]<nowiki/>s, such as [[Turner syndrome]]. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), | [[Karyotyping]] is used to diagnose amenorrhea caused by [[chromosomal disorder]]<nowiki/>s, such as [[Turner syndrome]]. Other test include University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), which consists of microencapsulated odorants; released by scratching standardized odor-impregnated questionnaires and are used in detection of [[hyposmia]] or [[anosmia]] seen in [[Kallmann syndrome]]. | ||
==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
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| [[image:Monosomy.jpeg|thumb|300px|Karyotyping of Turner syndrome<ref name="urlTurner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference">{{cite web |url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome |title=Turner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]] | | [[image:Monosomy.jpeg|thumb|300px|Karyotyping of Turner syndrome, via ghr.nlm.nih.gov<ref name="urlTurner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference">{{cite web |url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome |title=Turner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]] | ||
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=== Karyotyping === | === Karyotyping === | ||
* In every [[chromosomal disorder]] that causes amenorrhea, [[karyotyping]] is a reliable way of [[diagnosis]]. | * In every [[chromosomal disorder]] that causes amenorrhea, [[karyotyping]] is a reliable way of [[diagnosis]]. | ||
* [[Karyotyping]] is the way of direct visualization of human [[chromosomes]] | * [[Karyotyping]] is the way of direct visualization of human [[chromosomes]]. | ||
* [[Turner syndrome]] is characterized by one single [[X chromosome]] in females, instead of one pair of [[X chromosomes]].<ref name="urlTurner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference">{{cite web |url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome |title=Turner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | * [[Turner syndrome]] is characterized by one single [[X chromosome]] in females, instead of one pair of [[X chromosomes]].<ref name="urlTurner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference">{{cite web |url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/turner-syndrome |title=Turner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
=== Olfactory function test === | === Olfactory function test === | ||
* The test, called University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), consists of microencapsulated odorants; released by scratching standardized odor-impregnated questionnaires.<ref name="pmid6694486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS |title=University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=94 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=176–8 |year=1984 |pmid=6694486 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The test, called University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), consists of microencapsulated odorants; released by scratching standardized odor-impregnated questionnaires.<ref name="pmid6694486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS |title=University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=94 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=176–8 |year=1984 |pmid=6694486 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* It is used to detect [[hyposmia]] or [[anosmia]] in [[Kallmann syndrome]].<ref name="PalmertDunkel2012">{{cite journal|last1=Palmert|first1=Mark R.|last2=Dunkel|first2=Leo|title=Delayed Puberty|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=366|issue=5|year=2012|pages=443–453|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1109290}}</ref> | * It is used to detect [[hyposmia]] or [[anosmia]] seen in [[Kallmann syndrome]].<ref name="PalmertDunkel2012">{{cite journal|last1=Palmert|first1=Mark R.|last2=Dunkel|first2=Leo|title=Delayed Puberty|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=366|issue=5|year=2012|pages=443–453|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1109290}}</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:22, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Karyotyping is used to diagnose amenorrhea caused by chromosomal disorders, such as Turner syndrome. Other test include University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), which consists of microencapsulated odorants; released by scratching standardized odor-impregnated questionnaires and are used in detection of hyposmia or anosmia seen in Kallmann syndrome.
Other Diagnostic Studies
 |
Karyotyping
- In every chromosomal disorder that causes amenorrhea, karyotyping is a reliable way of diagnosis.
- Karyotyping is the way of direct visualization of human chromosomes.
- Turner syndrome is characterized by one single X chromosome in females, instead of one pair of X chromosomes.[1]
Olfactory function test
- The test, called University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), consists of microencapsulated odorants; released by scratching standardized odor-impregnated questionnaires.[2]
- It is used to detect hyposmia or anosmia seen in Kallmann syndrome.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Turner syndrome - Genetics Home Reference".
- ↑ Doty RL, Shaman P, Kimmelman CP, Dann MS (1984). "University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a rapid quantitative olfactory function test for the clinic". Laryngoscope. 94 (2 Pt 1): 176–8. PMID 6694486.
- ↑ Palmert, Mark R.; Dunkel, Leo (2012). "Delayed Puberty". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (5): 443–453. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1109290. ISSN 0028-4793.