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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Stomatitis}}
{{Stomatitis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}, {{USAMA}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
Many factors contribute the development of stomatitis in an individual. The risk factors for stomatitis include [[alcohol]], [[smoking]], [[trauma]], [[stress]], [[nutritional deficiency]], [[immunocompromised]] status etc.<ref>{{Cite journal
Many factors contribute the development of stomatitis in an individual. Risk factors for stomatitis include [[alcohol]], [[smoking]], [[trauma]], [[stress]], [[nutritional deficiency]], and [[Immunocompromised|immunocompromised status]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[R. Morgan]], [[J. Tsang]], [[N. Harrington]] & [[L. Fook]]
  | author = [[R. Morgan]], [[J. Tsang]], [[N. Harrington]] & [[L. Fook]]
  | title = Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients
  | title = Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients
Line 37: Line 37:
  | month = March
  | month = March
  | pmid = 26827061
  | pmid = 26827061
}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="pmid3066627">{{cite journal| author=Melnick SL, Roseman JM, Engel D, Cogen RB| title=Epidemiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1988 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 191-211 | pmid=3066627 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3066627  }} </ref><ref name="pmid5253993">{{cite journal| author=Shannon IL, Kilgore WG, O'Leary TJ| title=Stres as a predisposing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | journal=J Periodontol | year= 1969 | volume= 40 | issue= 4 | pages= 240-2 | pmid=5253993 | doi=10.1902/jop.1969.40.4.240 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5253993  }} </ref><ref name="pmid266582">{{cite journal| author=Shields WD| title=Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A study of some of the contributing factors and their validity in an Army population. | journal=J Periodontol | year= 1977 | volume= 48 | issue= 6 | pages= 346-9 | pmid=266582 | doi=10.1902/jop.1977.48.6.346 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=266582  }} </ref>
 
===Common risk factors===
Common risk factors for stomatitis include:
 
*Poor [[oral hygiene]]
*[[Smoking]]
*[[Smoking]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Trauma]]
*Psychological stress
*Psychological [[stress]]
*[[H. pylori]]
*[[H. pylori]]
*Sensitivity to food
*Sensitivity to food
*Nutritional abnormalities
*[[Nutritional deficiencies|Nutritional abnormalities]]
*Immunologic deficiencies e.g [[HIV]]
*[[Immune deficiency|Immunologic deficiencies]] (e.g., [[HIV]])
*Genetic factors
*[[Genetic]] factors
*[[Chemotherapy]] or [[radiotherapy]]<ref>{{Cite journal
*[[Chemotherapy]] or [[radiotherapy]]
| author = [[Kenji Momo]]
 
| title = &#91;Indomethacin Spray Preparation for the Control of Pain Associated with Stomatitis Caused by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Cancer Patients&#93;
===[[Denture]] stomatitis===
| journal = [[Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan]]
Risk factors for denture stomatitis include:<ref name="pmid3298586">{{cite journal| author=Arendorf TM, Walker DM| title=Denture stomatitis: a review. | journal=J Oral Rehabil | year= 1987 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 217-27 | pmid=3298586 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3298586  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25082257">{{cite journal| author=Marinoski J, Bokor-Bratić M, Čanković M| title=Is denture stomatitis always related with candida infection? A case control study. | journal=Med Glas (Zenica) | year= 2014 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 379-84 | pmid=25082257 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25082257  }} </ref>  
| volume = 135
*Poor [[Denture|denture hygiene]]
| issue = 8
*Wearing [[dentures]] overnight
| pages = 931–935
*[[pH]] of oral mucosal surfaces < 6.5
| year = 2015
*[[Nutritional deficiencies]]
| month =
*[[Hematological]] diseases
| doi = 10.1248/yakushi.15-00112-1
 
| pmid = 26234349
===Candida stomatitis===
}}</ref>
*[[HIV]]
===Denture stomatitis===
*Inhaled [[glucocorticoid]] treatment for [[asthma]]
Some risk factors for denture stomatitis include<ref name="pmid3298586">{{cite journal| author=Arendorf TM, Walker DM| title=Denture stomatitis: a review. | journal=J Oral Rehabil | year= 1987 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 217-27 | pmid=3298586 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3298586  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25082257">{{cite journal| author=Marinoski J, Bokor-Bratić M, Čanković M| title=Is denture stomatitis always related with candida infection? A case control study. | journal=Med Glas (Zenica) | year= 2014 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 379-84 | pmid=25082257 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25082257  }} </ref>  
*[[Antibiotic|Antibiotic use]]
*Poor denture hygiene
*[[Diabetes]]
*Overnight wearing of dentures
*[[Denture]] use
*pH of oral mucosal surfaces < 6.5
*[[Radiation]] or [[chemotherapy]]
*Dietry deficiencies
 
*Hematological diseases
===[[Bovine papular stomatitis]]===
*Exposure to [[infected]] cow


===Bovine papular stomatitis===
*Expoure to infected cow
===Pyostomatitis Vegetans===
===Pyostomatitis Vegetans===
*[[IBD]] specially [[ulcerative colitis]]<ref name="pmid24713996">{{cite journal| author=Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM| title=Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Ann Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-26 | pmid=24713996 | doi= | pmc=3959344 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24713996  }} </ref>
*[[IBD]] (especially [[ulcerative colitis|ulcerative colitis)]]<ref name="pmid24713996">{{cite journal| author=Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM| title=Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Ann Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-26 | pmid=24713996 | doi= | pmc=3959344 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24713996  }} </ref>
===Trench mouth or Acute ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis===
===[[Trench mouth]] or Acute ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis===
*HIV<ref name="pmid23763733">{{cite journal| author=Atout RN, Todescan S| title=Managing patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | journal=J Can Dent Assoc | year= 2013 | volume= 79 | issue=  | pages= d46 | pmid=23763733 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23763733  }} </ref>
*[[HIV]]<ref name="pmid23763733">{{cite journal| author=Atout RN, Todescan S| title=Managing patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | journal=J Can Dent Assoc | year= 2013 | volume= 79 | issue=  | pages= d46 | pmid=23763733 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23763733  }} </ref>
===Hand foot and mouth disease===
*Existing [[gingivitis]]<ref name="pmid3066627">{{cite journal| author=Melnick SL, Roseman JM, Engel D, Cogen RB| title=Epidemiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1988 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 191-211 | pmid=3066627 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3066627  }} </ref>
Some risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease include<ref name="pmid28084311">{{cite journal| author=Zhang D, Li R, Zhang W, Li G, Ma Z, Chen X et al.| title=A Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. | journal=Sci Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue=  | pages= 40282 | pmid=28084311 | doi=10.1038/srep40282 | pmc=5233949 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28084311  }} </ref>
*[[Malnutrition]]
*Fatigue
 
===[[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease|Hand foot and mouth disease]]===
Risk factors for [[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease|hand foot and mouth disease]] include:<ref name="pmid28084311">{{cite journal| author=Zhang D, Li R, Zhang W, Li G, Ma Z, Chen X et al.| title=A Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. | journal=Sci Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue=  | pages= 40282 | pmid=28084311 | doi=10.1038/srep40282 | pmc=5233949 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28084311  }} </ref>
*[[Fatigue]]
*Dehydrant drugs
*Dehydrant drugs
*Maculopapular rash
*[[Maculopapular rash]]
===Nictinic Stomatitis===
===Nicotinic Stomatitis===
*Hot beverages<ref name="pmid19626226">{{cite journal| author=dos Santos RB, Katz J| title=Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking. | journal=Quintessence Int | year= 2009 | volume= 40 | issue= 7 | pages= 537-40 | pmid=19626226 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19626226  }} </ref>
*Hot beverages<ref name="pmid19626226">{{cite journal| author=dos Santos RB, Katz J| title=Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking. | journal=Quintessence Int | year= 2009 | volume= 40 | issue= 7 | pages= 537-40 | pmid=19626226 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19626226  }} </ref>
*Pipe smokers<ref name="pmid14557730">{{cite journal| author=Taybos G| title=Oral changes associated with tobacco use. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2003 | volume= 326 | issue= 4 | pages= 179-82 | pmid=14557730 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14557730  }} </ref>
===Contact stomatitis===
*[[Food allergens]]
*[[Allergic|Allergic ingredients]] in [[cosmetics]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
 
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 00:18, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

Many factors contribute the development of stomatitis in an individual. Risk factors for stomatitis include alcohol, smoking, trauma, stress, nutritional deficiency, and immunocompromised status.[1]

Risk factors

The following risk factors are believed to influence the development of stomatitis:[2][3][4][5][6]

Common risk factors

Common risk factors for stomatitis include:

Denture stomatitis

Risk factors for denture stomatitis include:[7][8]

Candida stomatitis

Bovine papular stomatitis

Pyostomatitis Vegetans

Trench mouth or Acute ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis

Hand foot and mouth disease

Risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease include:[11]

Nicotinic Stomatitis

Contact stomatitis

References

  1. ↑ R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ R. Morgan, J. Tsang, N. Harrington & L. Fook (2001). "Survey of hospital doctors' attitudes and knowledge of oral conditions in older patients". Postgraduate medical journal. 77 (908): 392–394. PMID 11375454. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Carolina-Cavalieri Gomes, Ricardo-Santiago Gomez, Livia-Guimaraes Zina & Fabricio-Rezende Amaral (2016). "Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Helicobacter pylori". Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 21 (2): e187–e191. PMID 26827061. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Melnick SL, Roseman JM, Engel D, Cogen RB (1988). "Epidemiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". Epidemiol Rev. 10: 191–211. PMID 3066627.
  5. ↑ Shannon IL, Kilgore WG, O'Leary TJ (1969). "Stres as a predisposing factor in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Periodontol. 40 (4): 240–2. doi:10.1902/jop.1969.40.4.240. PMID 5253993.
  6. ↑ Shields WD (1977). "Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A study of some of the contributing factors and their validity in an Army population". J Periodontol. 48 (6): 346–9. doi:10.1902/jop.1977.48.6.346. PMID 266582.
  7. ↑ Arendorf TM, Walker DM (1987). "Denture stomatitis: a review". J Oral Rehabil. 14 (3): 217–27. PMID 3298586.
  8. ↑ Marinoski J, Bokor-Bratić M, Čanković M (2014). "Is denture stomatitis always related with candida infection? A case control study". Med Glas (Zenica). 11 (2): 379–84. PMID 25082257.
  9. ↑ Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM (2012). "Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease". Ann Gastroenterol. 25 (1): 21–26. PMC 3959344. PMID 24713996.
  10. ↑ Atout RN, Todescan S (2013). "Managing patients with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis". J Can Dent Assoc. 79: d46. PMID 23763733.
  11. ↑ Zhang D, Li R, Zhang W, Li G, Ma Z, Chen X; et al. (2017). "A Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Sci Rep. 7: 40282. doi:10.1038/srep40282. PMC 5233949. PMID 28084311.
  12. ↑ dos Santos RB, Katz J (2009). "Nicotinic stomatitis: positive correlation with heat in maté tea drinks and smoking". Quintessence Int. 40 (7): 537–40. PMID 19626226.
  13. ↑ Taybos G (2003). "Oral changes associated with tobacco use". Am J Med Sci. 326 (4): 179–82. PMID 14557730.

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