Alzheimer's disease historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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== Overview == | ==Overview== | ||
The first case of Alzheimer's disease was described by a German psychiatrist named Alöis Alzheimer in the year 1901. For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the [[pathogenesis]] of AD occurred. In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of [[acetylcholine]] decrease in brains of individuals undergoing [[neurodegeneration]] due to Alzheimer's disease. In early 1980's major advances in [[biochemistry]] and [[molecular genetics]] allowed the use of compositional analyses and [[immunocytochemistry]] to explain the structure of [[Neurofibrillary tangles|tangles]] and plaques found in the [[Brain|brains]] of Alzheimer patients. The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common [[symptom]] pattern, disease course, and [[neuropathology]].{{Alzheimer's disease}} | The first case of Alzheimer's disease was described by a German psychiatrist named Alöis Alzheimer in the year 1901. For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the [[pathogenesis]] of AD occurred. In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of [[acetylcholine]] decrease in [[Brain|brains]] of individuals undergoing [[neurodegeneration]] due to Alzheimer's disease. In early 1980's major advances in [[biochemistry]] and [[molecular genetics]] allowed the use of compositional analyses and [[immunocytochemistry]] to explain the structure of [[Neurofibrillary tangles|tangles]] and [[plaques]] found in the [[Brain|brains]] of Alzheimer patients. The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common [[symptom]] pattern, disease course, and [[neuropathology]].{{Alzheimer's disease}} | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* In 1901 when Alöis Alzheimer, a German [[psychiatry|psychiatrist]], identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease in a fifty-year-old woman whom he referred to as | |||
* Alöis Alzheimer followed her until she died in 1906, at which point he reported the case publicly for the first time<ref>Auguste D.: | *In 1901 when Alöis Alzheimer, a German [[psychiatry|psychiatrist]], identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease in a fifty-year-old woman whom he referred to as Auguste D. | ||
* {{cite journal | *Alöis Alzheimer followed her until she died in 1906, at which point he reported the case publicly for the first time<ref>Auguste D.: | ||
*{{cite journal | |||
| author=Alzheimer Alöis | | author=Alzheimer Alöis | ||
| title=Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde | | title=Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde | ||
| Line 52: | Line 54: | ||
|oclc= | |oclc= | ||
|doi= | |doi= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* In the following five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the [[medical literature]], some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease.<ref name="pmid9661992">{{cite journal | *In the following five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the [[medical literature]], some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease.<ref name="pmid9661992">{{cite journal | ||
|author=Berchtold NC, Cotman CW | |author=Berchtold NC, Cotman CW | ||
|title=Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s | |title=Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s | ||
| Line 63: | Line 65: | ||
|pmid=9661992 | |pmid=9661992 | ||
|doi=10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9 | |doi=10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* In 1910, [[Emil Kraepelin]] recognized Alzheimer's dementia as a separate entity in the eighth edition of his '<nowiki/>''Textbook of Psychiatry''', which was later published<ref name="isbn1-4325-0833-4">{{cite book | *In 1910, [[Emil Kraepelin]] recognized Alzheimer's dementia as a separate entity in the eighth edition of his '<nowiki/>''Textbook of Psychiatry''', which was later published<ref name="isbn1-4325-0833-4">{{cite book | ||
|author=Kraepelin Emil, Diefendorf A. Ross (translated by) | |author=Kraepelin Emil, Diefendorf A. Ross (translated by) | ||
|title=Clinical Psychiatry: A Textbook For Students And Physicians (Reprint) | |title=Clinical Psychiatry: A Textbook For Students And Physicians (Reprint) | ||
| Line 75: | Line 77: | ||
|doi= | |doi= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* In the 1960's, Alzheimer's disease became one of the most common causes of [[senile dementia]] | *In the 1960's, Alzheimer's disease became one of the most common causes of [[senile dementia]] | ||
* For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the [[pathogenesis]] of AD occurred. The [[diagnosis]] of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of [[dementia]] | *For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the [[pathogenesis]] of AD occurred. The [[diagnosis]] of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of [[dementia]] | ||
* In late 1960s, with the advent of [[electron microscopy]], Michael Kidd in England and Robert Terry in the United States deciphered the [[microscopic]] changes underlying senile (neuritic) plaques and [[neurofibrillary tangles]] | *In late 1960s, with the advent of [[electron microscopy]], Michael Kidd in England and Robert Terry in the United States deciphered the [[microscopic]] changes underlying senile (neuritic) plaques and [[neurofibrillary tangles]] | ||
* In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of [[acetylcholine]] decrease in brains of individuals undergoing [[neurodegeneration]] due to Alzheimer's disease. As a result, [[Pharmacology|pharmacological]] therapy became more focused on increasing the levels of [[acetylcholine]] across the synaptic clefts of Alzheimer patients | *In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of [[acetylcholine]] decrease in brains of individuals undergoing [[neurodegeneration]] due to Alzheimer's disease. As a result, [[Pharmacology|pharmacological]] therapy became more focused on increasing the levels of [[acetylcholine]] across the [[Synapse|synaptic]] clefts of Alzheimer patients | ||
* In the late 1970's and early 1980s, it was identified that the levels of [[neurotransmitters]] other than [[acetylcholine]] were also changed in affected patients | *In the late 1970's and early 1980s, it was identified that the levels of [[neurotransmitters]] other than [[acetylcholine]] were also changed in affected [[Patient|patients]] | ||
* In early 1980's major advances in [[biochemistry]] and [[molecular genetics]] allowed the use of compositional analyses and [[immunocytochemistry]] to explain the structure of [[Neurofibrillary tangles|tangles]] and plaques. This eventually led to the use of Alzheimer's disease independently of the [[age of onset]] of the disease<ref name="pmid9702682">{{cite journal | *In early 1980's major advances in [[biochemistry]] and [[molecular genetics]] allowed the use of compositional analyses and [[immunocytochemistry]] to explain the structure of [[Neurofibrillary tangles|tangles]] and [[plaques]]. This eventually led to the use of Alzheimer's disease independently of the [[age of onset]] of the disease<ref name="pmid9702682">{{cite journal | ||
|author=Boller F, Forbes MM | |author=Boller F, Forbes MM | ||
|title=History of dementia and dementia in history: an overview | |title=History of dementia and dementia in history: an overview | ||
| Line 100: | Line 102: | ||
|doi= | |doi= | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common [[symptom]] pattern, disease course, and [[neuropathology]]<ref name="pmid3531918">{{cite journal | *The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common [[symptom]] pattern, disease course, and [[neuropathology]]<ref name="pmid3531918">{{cite journal | ||
|author=Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS | |author=Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS | ||
|title=Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology | |title=Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology | ||
Latest revision as of 23:19, 24 September 2020
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Alzheimer's disease Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
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Alzheimer's disease historical perspective On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alzheimer's disease historical perspective |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease historical perspective |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
The first case of Alzheimer's disease was described by a German psychiatrist named Alöis Alzheimer in the year 1901. For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the pathogenesis of AD occurred. In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of acetylcholine decrease in brains of individuals undergoing neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer's disease. In early 1980's major advances in biochemistry and molecular genetics allowed the use of compositional analyses and immunocytochemistry to explain the structure of tangles and plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients. The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common symptom pattern, disease course, and neuropathology.
|
Alzheimer's disease Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Alzheimer's disease historical perspective On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alzheimer's disease historical perspective |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease historical perspective |
Historical Perspective
- In 1901 when Alöis Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist, identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease in a fifty-year-old woman whom he referred to as Auguste D.
- Alöis Alzheimer followed her until she died in 1906, at which point he reported the case publicly for the first time[1]
- In the following five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the medical literature, some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease.[2]
- In 1910, Emil Kraepelin recognized Alzheimer's dementia as a separate entity in the eighth edition of his 'Textbook of Psychiatry', which was later published[3]
- In the 1960's, Alzheimer's disease became one of the most common causes of senile dementia
- For many decades after Alzheimer's original description, there was little progress in defining the pathogenesis of AD occurred. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of dementia
- In late 1960s, with the advent of electron microscopy, Michael Kidd in England and Robert Terry in the United States deciphered the microscopic changes underlying senile (neuritic) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
- In the mid 1970's, it was found that the levels of acetylcholine decrease in brains of individuals undergoing neurodegeneration due to Alzheimer's disease. As a result, pharmacological therapy became more focused on increasing the levels of acetylcholine across the synaptic clefts of Alzheimer patients
- In the late 1970's and early 1980s, it was identified that the levels of neurotransmitters other than acetylcholine were also changed in affected patients
- In early 1980's major advances in biochemistry and molecular genetics allowed the use of compositional analyses and immunocytochemistry to explain the structure of tangles and plaques. This eventually led to the use of Alzheimer's disease independently of the age of onset of the disease[4][5]
- The term Alzheimer's disease was subsequently formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common symptom pattern, disease course, and neuropathology[6]
References
- ↑ Auguste D.:
- Alzheimer Alöis (1907). "Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde" (in Template:De icon). 64 (1–2): 146–148.
- Alöis Alzheimer. "About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex. (Translated by L. Jarvik and H. Greenson)". Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 1 (1): 3–8. PMID 3331112.
- Maurer Ulrike, Maurer Konrad (2003). Alzheimer: the life of a physician and the career of a disease. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 0-231-11896-1.
- Hochberg Fred H., Rottenberg David (1977). Neurological classics in modern translation. New York: Hafner Press. ISBN 0-02-851180-8.
- ↑ Berchtold NC, Cotman CW (1998). "Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s". Neurobiology of Aging. 19 (3): 173–189. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9. PMID 9661992.
- ↑ Kraepelin Emil, Diefendorf A. Ross (translated by) (2007-01-17). Clinical Psychiatry: A Textbook For Students And Physicians (Reprint). Kessinger Publishing. p. 568. ISBN 1-4325-0833-4.
- ↑ Boller F, Forbes MM (1998). "History of dementia and dementia in history: an overview". Journal of Neurological Science. 158 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00128-2. PMID 9702682.
- ↑ Katzman Robert, Terry Robert D, Bick Katherine L (editors) (1978). Alzheimer's disease: senile dementia and related disorders. New York: Raven Press. p. 595. ISBN 0-89004-225-X.
- ↑ Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS (1986). "Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology". Neurology. 36 (11): 1497–1499. PMID 3531918.