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| <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
| | __NOTOC__ |
| '''For patient information, click [[Spina bifida (patient information)|here]]'''
| | {{Spina bifida}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}, {{MMJ}}, {{M.B}} |
| | ==[[Spina bifida overview|Overview]]== |
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| | ==[[Spina bifida historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| {{Search infobox}}
| | ==[[Spina bifida classification|Classification]]== |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview== | |
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==[[Spina bifida pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| *[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
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| *In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
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| *In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
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| ==Classification==
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| *[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
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| :*[group1]
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| :*[group2]
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| :*[group3]
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| *Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
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| ==Pathophysiology== | |
| *The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
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| *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
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| *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
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| *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
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| ==Clinical Features== | | ==[[Spina bifida causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases== | | ==[[Spina bifida differential diagnosis|Differentiating Spina bifida from other Diseases]]== |
| *[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
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| :*[Differential dx1]
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| :*[Differential dx2]
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| :*[Differential dx3]
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| * The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
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| * In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
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| ===Age===
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| *Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
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| *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
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| *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
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| ===Gender===
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| *[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
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| *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
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| * The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
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| ===Race===
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| *There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
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| *[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
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| *[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
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| ==Risk Factors== | |
| *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
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| == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| *The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
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| *Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
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| *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
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| *Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| *Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
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| == Diagnosis == | | ==[[Spina bifida epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| ===Diagnostic Criteria===
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| *The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
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| :*[criterion 1]
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| :*[criterion 2]
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| :*[criterion 3]
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| :*[criterion 4]
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| === Symptoms ===
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| *[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
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| *Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
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| :*[symptom 1]
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| :*[symptom 2]
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| :*[symptom 3]
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| :*[symptom 4]
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| :*[symptom 5]
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| :*[symptom 6]
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| === Physical Examination ===
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| *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
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| *Physical examination may be remarkable for:
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| :*[finding 1]
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| :*[finding 2]
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| :*[finding 3]
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| :*[finding 4]
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| :*[finding 5]
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| :*[finding 6]
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| === Laboratory Findings === | | ==[[Spina bifida risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
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| *A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
| | ==[[Spina bifida screening|Screening]]== |
| *An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| *Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
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| ===Imaging Findings===
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| *There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
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| *[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
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| *On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| *[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
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| *[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
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| *Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| == Treatment ==
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| === Medical Therapy ===
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| *There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
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| *The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
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| *[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
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| *Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
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| === Surgery ===
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| *Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
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| *[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
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| *[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
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| === Prevention ===
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| *There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
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| *Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
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| *Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
| | ==[[Spina bifida natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Pick One of 28 Approved]]
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| {{WS}}
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| {{WH}}
| | [[Spina bifida diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Spina bifida history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Spina bifida physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Spina bifida laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Spina bifida electroencephalogram|Electroencephalogram]] | [[Spina bifida x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Spina bifida echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Spina bifida CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Spina bifida MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Spina bifida other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Spina bifida other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Spina bifida medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Spina bifida surgery|Surgery]] | [[Spina bifida primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] |
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| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Spina bifida case study one|Case #1]] |
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| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |