Atopic dermatitis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Atopic dermatitis}}
{{Atopic dermatitis}}


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{{CMG}} {{AE}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]]; {{S.S}}
 
==Overview==
{{CMG}}
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a [[chronic]] [[Inflammation|inflammatory]] [[skin disorder]] which primarily occurs as a result of various [[genetics]], [[immune]] or environmental factors. Other causes leading to development or aggravation of atopic dermatitis include [[infection]], [[hygiene hypothesis]], climate and [[cigarette smoking]].
== Overview ==
Although it is an inherited disease, eczema is primarily aggravated by contact with or intake of allergens.  It can also be influenced by other "hidden" factors such as [[stress]] or [[fatigue]].  Atopic eczema consists of chronic inflammation; it occurs in people with a history of allergy disorders such as [[asthma]] or [[hay fever]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
* Genetics: Loss-of-function mutation in filaggrin
 
*[[Genetics]]:  
**[[Filaggrin|Filaggrin gene]] encodes proteins which are involved in the epidermal proliferation and differentiation of [[cytokines]].<ref name="pmid22197932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paternoster L, Standl M, Chen CM, Ramasamy A, Bønnelykke K, Duijts L, Ferreira MA, Alves AC, Thyssen JP, Albrecht E, Baurecht H, Feenstra B, Sleiman PM, Hysi P, Warrington NM, Curjuric I, Myhre R, Curtin JA, Groen-Blokhuis MM, Kerkhof M, Sääf A, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Fölster-Holst R, Dermitzakis E, Montgomery SB, Prokisch H, Heim K, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Pekkanen J, Blakemore AI, Buxton JL, Kaakinen M, Duffy DL, Madden PA, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Thompson PJ, Matheson MC, Le Souëf P, St Pourcain B, Smith GD, Henderson J, Kemp JP, Timpson NJ, Deloukas P, Ring SM, Wichmann HE, Müller-Nurasyid M, Novak N, Klopp N, Rodríguez E, McArdle W, Linneberg A, Menné T, Nohr EA, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Rivadeneira F, de Jongste JC, van der Valk RJ, Wjst M, Jogi R, Geller F, Boyd HA, Murray JC, Kim C, Mentch F, March M, Mangino M, Spector TD, Bataille V, Pennell CE, Holt PG, Sly P, Tiesler CM, Thiering E, Illig T, Imboden M, Nystad W, Simpson A, Hottenga JJ, Postma D, Koppelman GH, Smit HA, Söderhäll C, Chawes B, Kreiner-Møller E, Bisgaard H, Melén E, Boomsma DI, Custovic A, Jacobsson B, Probst-Hensch NM, Palmer LJ, Glass D, Hakonarson H, Melbye M, Jarvis DL, Jaddoe VW, Gieger C, Strachan DP, Martin NG, Jarvelin MR, Heinrich J, Evans DM, Weidinger S |title=Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=187–92 |date=December 2011 |pmid=22197932 |pmc=3272375 |doi=10.1038/ng.1017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="StänderRopper2021">{{cite journal|last1=Ständer|first1=Sonja|last2=Ropper|first2=Allan H.|title=Atopic Dermatitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=384|issue=12|year=2021|pages=1136–1143|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra2023911}}</ref>
**Loss-of-function mutations in the [[filaggrin]] gene (FLG) causes epidermal barrier dysfunction.
*[[Infection]]:
**In atopic dermatitis, patient's skin is often colonized by [[staphylococcus aureus]] and [[herpes simplex virus]].<ref name="StänderRopper2021">{{cite journal|last1=Ständer|first1=Sonja|last2=Ropper|first2=Allan H.|title=Atopic Dermatitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=384|issue=12|year=2021|pages=1136–1143|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra2023911}}</ref>
**It acts as a super antigen and thought to cause the flare up of atopic dermatitis.


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
Line 16: Line 20:
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|'''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|'''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|'''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Interferon gamma]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|'''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|'''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|'''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|'''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|'''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Filaggrin]] [[gene mutation]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|'''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|'''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|'''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |Colonization by [[staphylococcus aureus]] and [[herpes simplex virus]].
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|'''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|'''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|'''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|'''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|'''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|'''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|'''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|'''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|'''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|'''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|'''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|'''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
: List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. You may need to list across the page, as seen [[Jaundice causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|here]]
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
* [[Interferon gamma]]


{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Filaggrin|Filaggrin gene]] mutation
*Family or personal history of atopic diseases:
**Asthma
**Allergic rhinitis
*Infection by [[staphylococcus aureus]] and [[herpes simplex virus]]


==References==


{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{col-end}}


==References==
<br />


{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
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Latest revision as of 02:43, 16 October 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD; Shalinder Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which primarily occurs as a result of various genetics, immune or environmental factors. Other causes leading to development or aggravation of atopic dermatitis include infection, hygiene hypothesis, climate and cigarette smoking.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Filaggrin gene mutation
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Colonization by staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

References

  1. ↑ Paternoster L, Standl M, Chen CM, Ramasamy A, Bønnelykke K, Duijts L, Ferreira MA, Alves AC, Thyssen JP, Albrecht E, Baurecht H, Feenstra B, Sleiman PM, Hysi P, Warrington NM, Curjuric I, Myhre R, Curtin JA, Groen-Blokhuis MM, Kerkhof M, Sääf A, Franke A, Ellinghaus D, Fölster-Holst R, Dermitzakis E, Montgomery SB, Prokisch H, Heim K, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Pekkanen J, Blakemore AI, Buxton JL, Kaakinen M, Duffy DL, Madden PA, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Thompson PJ, Matheson MC, Le Souëf P, St Pourcain B, Smith GD, Henderson J, Kemp JP, Timpson NJ, Deloukas P, Ring SM, Wichmann HE, Müller-Nurasyid M, Novak N, Klopp N, Rodríguez E, McArdle W, Linneberg A, Menné T, Nohr EA, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Rivadeneira F, de Jongste JC, van der Valk RJ, Wjst M, Jogi R, Geller F, Boyd HA, Murray JC, Kim C, Mentch F, March M, Mangino M, Spector TD, Bataille V, Pennell CE, Holt PG, Sly P, Tiesler CM, Thiering E, Illig T, Imboden M, Nystad W, Simpson A, Hottenga JJ, Postma D, Koppelman GH, Smit HA, Söderhäll C, Chawes B, Kreiner-Møller E, Bisgaard H, Melén E, Boomsma DI, Custovic A, Jacobsson B, Probst-Hensch NM, Palmer LJ, Glass D, Hakonarson H, Melbye M, Jarvis DL, Jaddoe VW, Gieger C, Strachan DP, Martin NG, Jarvelin MR, Heinrich J, Evans DM, Weidinger S (December 2011). "Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis". Nat. Genet. 44 (2): 187–92. doi:10.1038/ng.1017. PMC 3272375. PMID 22197932.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ständer, Sonja; Ropper, Allan H. (2021). "Atopic Dermatitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (12): 1136–1143. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2023911. ISSN 0028-4793.


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