Transitional cell carcinoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Transitional cell carcinoma}} | {{Transitional cell carcinoma}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Among transitional cell carcinomas, upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas are rare cancers accounting for 5-7% of all transitional cell cancer cases. The incidence of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.6-1.1 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="KirkaliTuzel2003">{{cite journal|last1=Kirkali|first1=Ziya|last2=Tuzel|first2=Emre|title=Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis|journal=Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology|volume=47|issue=2|year=2003|pages=155–169|issn=10408428|doi=10.1016/S1040-8428(03)00079-9}}</ref> Transitional cell carcinoma commonly affects individuals older than 60 years of age with the average age of presentation being 65. Males are more commonly affected with transitional cell carcinoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Transitional cell | *Transitional cell carcinomas of upper urinary tract are rare cancers accounting for 5-7% of all transitional cell cancer cases.<ref name="KirkaliTuzel2003">{{cite journal|last1=Kirkali|first1=Ziya|last2=Tuzel|first2=Emre|title=Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis|journal=Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology|volume=47|issue=2|year=2003|pages=155–169|issn=10408428|doi=10.1016/S1040-8428(03)00079-9}}</ref> | ||
*Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors.<ref name="NIH">Transitional cell cancer. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_1</ref> | |||
*Transitional cell cancer of the ureter, accounts for only 1 of every 25 upper tract tumors. | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
*Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with 430,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012.<ref name="pmid25651787">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A |title=Global cancer statistics, 2012 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=87–108 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25651787 |doi=10.3322/caac.21262 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*In the United States, approximately 80,000 new cases and 18,000 deaths occur each year due to bladder cancer.<ref name="pmid30620402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2019 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=7–34 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30620402 |doi=10.3322/caac.21551 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*In developed regions such as North America and Europe, bladder cancer is predominantly urothelial. | |||
*From 1985 to 2005, the number of bladder cancers diagnosed in the United States increased by over 50 percent, while from 1975 to 1996 the five-year survival rate for those diagnosed with bladder cancer increased from 75 to 81 percent.<ref name="pmid15661684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ, Thun MJ |title=Cancer statistics, 2005 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=10–30 |date=2005 |pmid=15661684 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | |||
*Transitional cancer is typically diagnosed in older individuals, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years in men and 71 in women.<ref name="pmid8001003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lynch CF, Cohen MB |title=Urinary system |journal=Cancer |volume=75 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=316–29 |date=January 1995 |pmid=8001003 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is rare in young adults, as less than 1% of such tumors present in the first 4 decades of life.<ref name="NomikosPappas2011">{{cite journal|last1=Nomikos|first1=Michael|last2=Pappas|first2=Athanasios|last3=Kopaka|first3=Maria-Emmanouela|last4=Tzoulakis|first4=Stavros|last5=Volonakis|first5=Ioannis|last6=Stavrakakis|first6=Georgios|last7=Avgenakis|first7=Georgios|last8=Anezinis|first8=Ploutarchos|title=Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Young Adults: Presentation, Clinical behavior and Outcome|journal=Advances in Urology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–4|issn=1687-6369|doi=10.1155/2011/480738}}</ref> | |||
*In the United States, white males have the highest risk with roughly twice the incidence seen in African American and Hispanic men.<ref name="pmid26959385">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ryerson AB, Eheman CR, Altekruse SF, Ward JW, Jemal A, Sherman RL, Henley SJ, Holtzman D, Lake A, Noone AM, Anderson RN, Ma J, Ly KN, Cronin KA, Penberthy L, Kohler BA |title=Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer |journal=Cancer |volume=122 |issue=9 |pages=1312–37 |date=May 2016 |pmid=26959385 |pmc=4840031 |doi=10.1002/cncr.29936 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*Males are more commonly affected with transitional cell carcinoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:44, 12 November 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [2] Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Among transitional cell carcinomas, upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas are rare cancers accounting for 5-7% of all transitional cell cancer cases. The incidence of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.6-1.1 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[1] Transitional cell carcinoma commonly affects individuals older than 60 years of age with the average age of presentation being 65. Males are more commonly affected with transitional cell carcinoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Transitional cell carcinomas of upper urinary tract are rare cancers accounting for 5-7% of all transitional cell cancer cases.[1]
- Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, accounts for only 7% of all kidney tumors.[2]
- Transitional cell cancer of the ureter, accounts for only 1 of every 25 upper tract tumors.
Incidence
- Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with 430,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012.[3]
- In the United States, approximately 80,000 new cases and 18,000 deaths occur each year due to bladder cancer.[4]
- In developed regions such as North America and Europe, bladder cancer is predominantly urothelial.
- From 1985 to 2005, the number of bladder cancers diagnosed in the United States increased by over 50 percent, while from 1975 to 1996 the five-year survival rate for those diagnosed with bladder cancer increased from 75 to 81 percent.[5]
Age
- Transitional cancer is typically diagnosed in older individuals, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years in men and 71 in women.[6]
- Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is rare in young adults, as less than 1% of such tumors present in the first 4 decades of life.[7]
- In the United States, white males have the highest risk with roughly twice the incidence seen in African American and Hispanic men.[8]
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected with transitional cell carcinoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kirkali, Ziya; Tuzel, Emre (2003). "Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis". Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 47 (2): 155–169. doi:10.1016/S1040-8428(03)00079-9. ISSN 1040-8428.
- ↑ Transitional cell cancer. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_1
- ↑ Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A (March 2015). "Global cancer statistics, 2012". CA Cancer J Clin. 65 (2): 87–108. doi:10.3322/caac.21262. PMID 25651787.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (January 2019). "Cancer statistics, 2019". CA Cancer J Clin. 69 (1): 7–34. doi:10.3322/caac.21551. PMID 30620402.
- ↑ Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, Feuer EJ, Thun MJ (2005). "Cancer statistics, 2005". CA Cancer J Clin. 55 (1): 10–30. PMID 15661684.
- ↑ Lynch CF, Cohen MB (January 1995). "Urinary system". Cancer. 75 (1 Suppl): 316–29. PMID 8001003.
- ↑ Nomikos, Michael; Pappas, Athanasios; Kopaka, Maria-Emmanouela; Tzoulakis, Stavros; Volonakis, Ioannis; Stavrakakis, Georgios; Avgenakis, Georgios; Anezinis, Ploutarchos (2011). "Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Young Adults: Presentation, Clinical behavior and Outcome". Advances in Urology. 2011: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2011/480738. ISSN 1687-6369.
- ↑ Ryerson AB, Eheman CR, Altekruse SF, Ward JW, Jemal A, Sherman RL, Henley SJ, Holtzman D, Lake A, Noone AM, Anderson RN, Ma J, Ly KN, Cronin KA, Penberthy L, Kohler BA (May 2016). "Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2012, featuring the increasing incidence of liver cancer". Cancer. 122 (9): 1312–37. doi:10.1002/cncr.29936. PMC 4840031. PMID 26959385.