Amenorrhea causes: Difference between revisions
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| '''Endocrine''' | | '''Endocrine''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[ Acromegaly]], [[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]], [[Achard-Thiers syndrome]], [[Addison's disease]], [[Adrenal cortex cancer|Adrenal cortex tumours]], [[Adrenal gland disorders]], [[Adrenocortical hyperplasia]], Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome, [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Anovulation]], [[Hypopituitarism|Anterior pituitary failure]], [[Arrhenoblastoma]], [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[Breastfeeding]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Chiari-Frommel syndrome]], [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ]] , Conn syndrome, [[Constitutional delay of puberty]], [[Corpus luteum|Corpus luteum cyst]], [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Cretinism]], [[Cushing's disease]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[Eating disorders]], [[Empty sella syndrome]], [[Androgen|Exogenous androgen use]], [[Female athlete triad|Female athlete syndrome]], [[Forbes-Albright syndrome]], [[Frohlich's syndrome]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH receptor deficiency]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhea]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia]], [[GnRH|GnRH deficiency]], [[Hyperprolactinaemia]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypogonadism]], [[Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Incomplete androgen insensitivity]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laron syndrome ]] , [[Virilization|Masculinization disorders]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|Mullerian aplasia]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis|Mullerian dysgenesis]], [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[Myxoedema]], [[Obesity]], [[Ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance]], [[Ovarian insufficiency, familial|Familial ovarian insufficiency]], [[Panhypopituitarism]], [[Menopause|Perimenopause]], [[Pituitary apoplexy]], [[Laron syndrome|Pituitary dwarfism]], [[Pituitary infarct]], [[Pituitary tumour]], [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure]], [[Prolactinoma]], Pseudoamenorrhea, [[Pseudocyesis]], [[Rapid weight loss]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Simmonds' disease|Simmonds' disease]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[Testicular feminization syndrome]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[Underweight]], [[Weight gain]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[ Acromegaly]], [[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]], [[Achard-Thiers syndrome]], [[Addison's disease]], [[Adrenal cortex cancer|Adrenal cortex tumours]], [[Adrenal gland disorders]], [[Adrenocortical hyperplasia]], Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome, [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Anovulation]], [[Hypopituitarism|Anterior pituitary failure]], [[Arrhenoblastoma]], [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[Breastfeeding]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Chiari-Frommel syndrome]], [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ]], Conn syndrome, [[Constitutional delay of puberty]], [[Corpus luteum|Corpus luteum cyst]], [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Cretinism]], [[Cushing's disease]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[Dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[Eating disorders]], [[Empty sella syndrome]], [[Androgen|Exogenous androgen use]], [[Female athlete triad|Female athlete syndrome]], [[Forbes-Albright syndrome]], [[Frohlich's syndrome]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH receptor deficiency]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhea]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia]], [[GnRH|GnRH deficiency]], [[Hyperprolactinaemia]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypogonadism]], [[Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Incomplete androgen insensitivity]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laron syndrome ]], [[Virilization|Masculinization disorders]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|Mullerian aplasia]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis|Mullerian dysgenesis]], [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[Myxoedema]], [[Obesity]], [[Ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance]], [[Ovarian insufficiency, familial|Familial ovarian insufficiency]], [[Panhypopituitarism]], [[Menopause|Perimenopause]], [[Pituitary apoplexy]], [[Laron syndrome|Pituitary dwarfism]], [[Pituitary infarct]], [[Pituitary tumour]], [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure]], [[Prolactinoma]], Pseudoamenorrhea, [[Pseudocyesis]], [[Rapid weight loss]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Simmonds' disease|Simmonds' disease]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[Testicular feminization syndrome]], [[Testosterone]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[Underweight]], [[Weight gain]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]] | ||
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| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]], [[Celiac disease ]] , [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Eating disorders]],[[Hemosiderosis]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Liver cirrhosis]], [[Malabsorption syndrome]], [[Rapid weight loss]], [[Weight gain]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]], [[Celiac disease ]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Eating disorders]], [[Hemosiderosis]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Liver cirrhosis]], [[Malabsorption syndrome]], [[Rapid weight loss]], [[Weight gain]] | ||
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| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]], [[Vaginal agenesis|Agenesis of lower vagina]], [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Chromosome 15q trisomy|Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome]], Chromosome 17p - partial deletion , [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Defect in sry gene]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Down's syndrome]], [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|FGFR1 mutation]], [[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]], [[Gonadal dysgenesis]], [[KAL1 gene|Kal1 mutation]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure|Ovarian insufficiency - familial]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome ]] , [[Prokineticin receptor 2|PROKR2 mutation]], [[Tetrasomy X]], [[Triple X syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]], [[Vaginal agenesis|Agenesis of lower vagina]], [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Chromosome 15q trisomy|Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome]], Chromosome 17p - partial deletion, [[Cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Defect in sry gene]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Down's syndrome]], [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|FGFR1 mutation]], [[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]], [[Gonadal dysgenesis]], [[KAL1 gene|Kal1 mutation]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure|Ovarian insufficiency - familial]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome ]], [[Prokineticin receptor 2|PROKR2 mutation]], [[Tetrasomy X]], [[Triple X syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]] | ||
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| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anovulation]], [[Asherman syndrome]], [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], Cervical closure, [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Dilation and curettage (patient information)|Complications from D&C procedure]], [[Corpus luteum|Corpus luteum cyst]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Defect in SRY gene]], [[Ectopic pregnancy]], [[Asherman's syndrome|Endometrial scarring]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH receptor deficiency]], [[Germinoma]], [[Granulosa cell tumor|Granulosa-cell tumor]], [[Hematocolpos]], [[Hematometra]], [[Hematosalpinx]], [[Hydatidiform mole]], [[Hypogonadism]], [[Hysterectomy]], [[Imperforate hymen]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|Mullerian aplasia]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance]], [[Premature ovarian failure|Ovarian insufficiency - familial]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|Ovarioleukodystrophy]], Ovary damage, [[Menopause| | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anovulation]], [[Asherman syndrome]], [[Autoimmune hepatitis]], [[Oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], Cervical closure, [[Combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Dilation and curettage (patient information)|Complications from D&C procedure]], [[Corpus luteum|Corpus luteum cyst]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Defect in SRY gene]], [[Ectopic pregnancy]], [[Asherman's syndrome|Endometrial scarring]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH receptor deficiency]], [[Germinoma]], [[Granulosa cell tumor|Granulosa-cell tumor]], [[Hematocolpos]], [[Hematometra]], [[Hematosalpinx]], [[Hydatidiform mole]], [[Hypogonadism]], [[Hysterectomy]], [[Imperforate hymen]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|Mullerian aplasia]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance]], [[Premature ovarian failure|Ovarian insufficiency - familial]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|Ovarioleukodystrophy]], Ovary damage, [[Menopause|Perimenopause]], [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premature ovarian failure]], Pseudoamenorrhea, [[Pseudocyesis]], [[Reproduction|Reproductive disorders]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[Tubal ligation|Tubal ligation syndrome]], [[mullerian agenesis|Uterine aplasia]], [[Vaginal agenesis]], [[Vaginal atresia|vaginal closure]], [[vaginal septum]], [[Ovarian cancer|Virilizing ovarian tumor]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]] | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list | {{columns-list| | ||
*[[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]] | *[[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]] | ||
*[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]] | *[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]] | ||
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==Causes Based on Classification== | ==Causes Based on Classification== | ||
=== | === <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref>=== | ||
* [[17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency]] | * [[17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Agonadism]] | * [[Agonadism]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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{{WS}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:22, 29 July 2020
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Amenorrhea Microchapters |
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Patient Information |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Amenorrhea causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amenorrhea causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2], Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Overview
Common causes of amenorrhea are breastfeeding, pregnancy, menopause, and stress. Common causes of primary amenorrhea are craniopharyngioma, idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency, Kallmann's Syndrome, Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser Syndrome, Mullerian dysgenesis, and outflow tract disorders. Common causes of secondary amenorrhea are craniocerebral trauma, curettage, Cushing's Syndrome, depression, diabetes mellitus, and drug side effects. Common causes of functional amenorrhea are stress, rapid weight loss, and excessive exercise.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of amenorrhea, however complications resulting from untreated amenorrhea are common.
Common Causes
- Breastfeeding
- Menopause
- Pregnancy
- Stress
- Turner syndrome
- Excessive exercise
- Dieting
- Obesity
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
Less Common Causes
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization)
- Autoimmune disorders
- Autoimmune oophoritis (in myasthenia gravis, thyroiditis, or vitiligo)
- Aneurysms of the pituitary
- Cachexia
- Chronic disorders
- Chemotherapy (e.g., high-dose alkylating drugs)
- Congenital adrenal virilism
- Cushing syndrome
- Drug abuse
- Drug-induced virilization
- Androgens
- Antidepressants
- Danazol
- High-dose progestins
- Eating disorders
- Genetic disorder
- Congenital gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency
- GnRH receptor gene mutations
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Congenital thymic aplasia
- Fragile X syndrome
- Idiopathic accelerated ovarian follicular atresia
- Gestational trophoblastic disease
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- HIV infection
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Infiltrative disorders of the pituitary
- Isolated gonadotropin deficiency
- Immunodeficiency
- Infiltrative disorders of the hypothalamus
- Irradiation to the pelvis
- Irradiation to the hypothalamus
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
- 18p minus syndrome
- Achard-Thiers syndrome
- Acromegaly
- Addison's disease
- Adrenal cortex tumours
- Adrenal gland disorders
- Adrenocortical hyperplasia
- Agenesis of lower vagina
- Ahumada-del castillo syndrome
- Alcoholism
- Anemia
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Anorexia nervosa [1]
- Anovulation
- Anterior pituitary failure
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Anxiety
- Arrhenoblastoma
- Asherman syndrome
- Autoimmune adrenalitis
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune oophoritis
- Bearn-Kunkel syndrome
- Brain tumor
- Breastfeeding
- Bulimia
- C21-hydroxylase deficiency
- Celiac disease
- Cervical closure
- Chemotherapy
- Chiari-Frommel syndrome
- Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome
- Chromosome 17p, partial deletion
- Chronic alcohol poisoning
- Chronic illness
- Chronic renal failure
- Climate change
- Combined oral contraceptive pill
- Complications from D&C procedure
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Conn syndrome
- Constitutional delay of puberty
- Corpus luteum cyst
- Cortisone reductase deficiency
- Cranial irradiation
- Craniopharyngioma
- Cretinism
- Cushing syndrome
- Cushing's disease
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cystic fibrosis
- Defect in SRY gene
- Denys-Drash syndrome
- Depression
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dietetic deficiency
- Down's syndrome
- Dystrophia adipose-genitalis
- Eating disorders[2]
- Ectopic pregnancy [3]
- Emotional turmoil
- Empty sella syndrome
- Endometrial scarring
- Epirubicin
- Ethanol
- Excessive exercise
- Exogenous androgen use
- Female athlete syndrome[4]
- FGFR1 mutation
- Fluoxymesterone
- Forbes-Albright syndrome
- Frasier syndrome
- Fröhlich's syndrome
- FSH receptor deficiency
- Galactorrhea
- Galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
- Germinoma
- Glioma
- GnRH deficiency
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- Granulosa cell tumor
- Grief
- Hematometra
- Hemosiderosis
- Heart disease
- Hematocolpos
- Hematosalpinx
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hodgkin's disease
- Hydatidiform mole
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypogonadism
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothalamic tumor
- Hypothyroidism
- Hysterectomy
- Imperforate hymen
- Incomplete androgen insensitivity
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Insanity
- Kal1 mutation
- Kallmann syndrome
- Laron syndrome
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
- Lead poisoning
- Leukemia
- Liver cirrhosis
- Low weight
- Malabsorption syndrome
- Malnutrition
- Masculinization disorders
- Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Meningioma
- Menopause
- Metoclopramide
- Mercury poisoning
- Morphine poisoning
- Mullerian aplasia
- Mullerian dysgenesis
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
- Mumps
- Myxoedema
- Nandrolone
- Nephritis
- Obesity
- Oral contraceptives
- Ovarian cancer
- Ovarian failure
- Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance
- Ovarian insufficiency, familial
- Ovarioleukodystrophy
- Ovary damage
- Panhypopituitarism
- Perimenopause
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Pituitary dwarfism
- Pituitary infarct
- Pituitary tumour
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Pregnancy
- Premature ovarian failure
- Primary affective disorder
- PROKR2 mutation
- Prolactinoma
- Proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency
- Pseudoamenorrhea
- Pseudocyesis
- Pseudohermaphroditism, female
- Radiotherapy
- Rapid weight loss
- Reproductive disorders
- Sheehan syndrome
- Simmonds' disease
- Spironolactone
- Stanozolol
- Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
- Stress
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Testicular feminization syndrome
- Testosterone
- Tetrasomy X
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Traumatic brain injury
- Triple X syndrome
- Tubal ligationsyndrome
- Tuberculosis
- Turner syndrome
- Underweight
- Uterine aplasia
- Vaginal agenesis
- Vaginal closure
- Vaginal septum
- Virilizing ovarian tumor
- Vitamin A embryopathy
- Weight gain
- Werner syndrome
- XY female
Causes Based on Classification
[5]
- 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
- Agonadism
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Anovulation
- Complete androgen insenstivity syndrome
- Constitutional bradygenesis
- Constitutional delay of puberty
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Early infantile brain damage
- Gonadal dysgenesis
- Homozygous adrenogenital syndrome
- Hymenal atresia
- Hyperandrogenism
- Hypothalamic and pituitary tumors
- Idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency
- Kallmann's Syndrome
- Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser Syndrome
- Mullerian dysgenesis
- Outflow tract disorders
- Pituitary insufficiency
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Post-hormonal contraceptive amenorrhea
- Severe systemic diseases
- Swyer's Syndrome
- Testicular feminization
- Trauma
- Turner's Syndrome
- Uterine atresia
- Uterine hypoplasia
- Vaginal atresia / gynatresia
Secondary Amenorrhea
- 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
- Addiction
- Addison's Disease
- Adrenocortical insuffiency
- Adrenal tumors
- Asherman's Syndrome
- Autoimmune diseases
- Body building (use of androgens)
- Castration (radiation or surgical)
- Central nervous system (CNS) tumor
- Cervical stenosis
- Change of environment
- Complete and incomplete androgen insensitivity
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Craniocerebral trauma
- Curettage
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Depression
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Drug Side Effect (Chlorpromazine, Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol, Docetaxel, Epirubicin hydrochloride, Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, Fluoxymesterone, Histrelin, Iloperidone, Loxapine, Medroxyprogesterone, Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol, Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol, Sertraline, Methyltestosterone, Olanzapine, Pramipexole, Prochlorperazine, Tiagabine, and Trifluoperazine)
- Encephalitis
- Enzymatic defects in testosterone biosynthesis
- Exposure to maternal androgens in utero
- Extreme obesity
- During chemotherapy
- Gonadotropin deficiency in tumors
- Hormone-active ovarian tumor
- Hermaphroditism
- Heterozygous adrenogenital syndrome
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hysterectomy
- Imprisonment
- Meningitis
- Mullerian anomalies
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Pituitary insufficiency
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Post-hormonal contraception
- Post-infection (mumps and severe pelvic inflammatory disease)
- Post-operative gonadotropin deficiency
- Pregnancy
- Premature menopause
- Prolactinoma
- Radiation
- Sheehan's Syndrome
- Testicular feminization
- Transsexuality when taking androgens
- Turner's Syndrome
- Uterine cavity sclerosis
- Uterine Schistosomiasis
- Abortion
- Severe generalized infections of the pelvis
- Post uterine surgery
- Overzealous or repeated uterine curettage
- Tuberculosis endometritis
Functional amenorrhea
- Stress
- Eating disorders
- Excessive exercise
- Weight loss
References
- ↑ Abed J, Judeh H, Abed E, Kim M, Arabelo H, Gurunathan R (2014). ""Fixing a heart": the game of electrolytes in anorexia nervosa". Nutr J. 13: 90. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-90. PMC 4168120. PMID 25192814.
- ↑ Andersen AE, Ryan GL (2009). "Eating disorders in the obstetric and gynecologic patient population". Obstet Gynecol. 114 (6): 1353–67. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c070f9. PMID 19935043.
- ↑ Shaikh NB, Shaikh S, Shaikh F (2014). "A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 26 (2): 178–81. PMID 25603672.
- ↑ Hobart JA, Smucker DR (2000). "The female athlete triad". Am Fam Physician. 61 (11): 3357–64, 3367. PMID 10865930.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016