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{{Atopic dermatitis}}
{{Atopic dermatitis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.S}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]]; {{S.S}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
In 1933, [[atopic dermatitis]] was first coined by two American [[Dermatologist|dermatologists]], Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger. The first study on the clinical features of [[asthma]] as well as [[allergic rhinitis]] and [[genetics]] was performed by Cooke and Vander in 1916. An association of higher serum [[IgE]] levels was published by Bruno Wüthrich in 1978.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


===Discovery===
===Discovery===
* The term Atopic dermatitis was first coined by Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger, American dermatologists, in 1933.<ref name="pmid1933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU, Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU |title=[Dynamics of neuro-humoral reactions of resistant and capacitive vessels in the process of adaptation to high altitude conditions. Reactions to electric stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. 2. (Experimental study)] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=5 |pages=11–6 |date=1975 |pmid=1933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* One of the very first traces of the relationship between [[allergies]] and genetic factors was described by Hippocrates.<ref name="Mier1975">{{cite journal|last1=Mier|first1=P.D.|title=EARLIEST DESCRIPTION OF THE ATOPIC SYNDROME?|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=92|issue=3|year=1975|pages=359–359|issn=0007-0963|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03091.x}}</ref>
*The association between heritable hypersensitivity to allergens in patients with asthma and hay fever, and Atopic dermatitis was made in 1923 by Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke. In 1933, Wise and Sulzberger, enhanced Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke's concept to include the description of Atopic dermatitis.<ref name="pmid2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frankle RT |title=Nutrition education in the medical school curriculum: a proposal for action: a curriculum design |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=105–9 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2006 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/29.1.105 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2003">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=V.I. Gavrilov |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=510 |date=November 1975 |pmid=2003 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1923">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdyldaev OA |title=[Certain problems of diagnosis and clinical course of nephroptosis] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=4 |pages=32–4 |date=1975 |pmid=1923 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parry WH, Martorano F, Cotton EK |title=Management of life-threatening asthma with intravenous isoproterenol infusions |journal=Am. J. Dis. Child. |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=39–42 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2007 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA, Giangrande M, Kim YW, Mizukami H, Nitta K, Yoneyama M |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bose KS, Sarma RH, Kahnt WD, Mundy V, Grosch W |title=Delineation of the intimate details of the backbone conformation of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes in aqueous solution |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1173–9 |date=October 1975 |pmid=2 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU, Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU |title=[Dynamics of neuro-humoral reactions of resistant and capacitive vessels in the process of adaptation to high altitude conditions. Reactions to electric stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. 2. (Experimental study)] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=5 |pages=11–6 |date=1975 |pmid=1933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1816, Willan and Bateman described a disease, “Porrigo larvalis,” which is identified as one of the earliest descriptions of [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref name="pmid16198792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wallach D, Coste J, Tilles G, Taïeb A |title=The first images of atopic dermatitis: an attempt at retrospective diagnosis in dermatology |journal=J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=684–9 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16198792 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.045 |url=}}</ref><ref name="WallachTaïeb2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wallach|first1=Daniel|last2=Taïeb|first2=Alain|title=Atopic Dermatitis/Atopic Eczema|volume=100|year=2014|pages=81–96|issn=1660-2242|doi=10.1159/000358606}}</ref><ref name="Levell2000">{{cite journal|last1=Levell|first1=N.J.|title=Thomas Bateman MD FLS 1778-1821|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=143|issue=1|year=2000|pages=9–15|issn=00070963|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03582.x}}</ref>
*One of the very first traces of relationship between allergies and genetic factors were described by Hippocrates.<ref name="pmid1974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holzer H |title=Chemistry and biology of macromolecular inhibitors from yeast acting on proteinases A and B, and carboxypeptidase Y |journal=Adv. Enzyme Regul. |volume=13 |issue= |pages=125–34 |date=1975 |pmid=1974 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The first systemic study on the clinical features of [[asthma]] as well as [[allergic rhinitis]] and [[genetics]] was performed by Cooke and Vander in 1916.<ref name="DworetzkyCohen2002">{{cite journal|last1=Dworetzky|first1=Murray|last2=Cohen|first2=Sheldon G.|last3=Blumenthal|first3=Malcolm N.|title=Pioneers and milestones|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=110|issue=4|year=2002|pages=674–680|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/S0091-6749(02)70054-7}}</ref>
*In 1816, Robert Willan and Thomas Bateman described a disease “Porrigo larvalis” which is identified as one of the earliest descriptions of Atopic Dermatitis.<ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN, Buckingham AD |title=Effect of chloroquine on cultured fibroblasts: release of lysosomal hydrolases and inhibition of their uptake |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1338–43 |date=October 1975 |pmid=4 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frankle RT, Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G, Barthel W, Markwardt F |title=Nutrition education in the medical school curriculum: a proposal for action: a curriculum design |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=105–9 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2006 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/29.1.105 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bland RD, Clarke TL, Harden LB |title=Rapid infusion of sodium bicarbonate and albumin into high-risk premature infants soon after birth: a controlled, prospective trial |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=263–7 |date=February 1976 |pmid=2013 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA, Giangrande M, Kim YW, Mizukami H, Nitta K, Yoneyama M |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Share JB |title=Review of drug treatment for Down's syndrome persons |journal=Am J Ment Defic |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=388–93 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2011 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1902">{{cite journal |vauthors=Archakov AI, Ahirnov GE, Karusina II |title=[Analysis of inhibition in pathways of NADP.H2 and NAD.H2 oxidation in liver tissue microsomes] |language=Russian |journal=Vopr. Med. Khim. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=281–5 |date=1975 |pmid=1902 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Daniels LK, Anderson TR, Slotkin TA, Järvisalo J, Saris NE |title=Rapid in-office and in-vivo desensitization of an injection phobia utilizing hypnosis |journal=Am J Clin Hypn |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=200–3 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2005 |doi=10.1080/00029157.1976.10403798 |url=}}</ref>
* The association between [[heritable]] [[hypersensitivity]] to [[allergens]] in patients with [[asthma]] and [[hay fever]] and [[atopic dermatitis]] was made in 1923 by Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke.<ref name="KramerStrom20172">{{cite journal|last1=Kramer|first1=Owen N.|last2=Strom|first2=Mark A.|last3=Ladizinski|first3=Barry|last4=Lio|first4=Peter A.|title=The history of atopic dermatitis|journal=Clinics in Dermatology|volume=35|issue=4|year=2017|pages=344–348|issn=0738081X|doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.005}}</ref><ref name="pmid12532128">{{cite journal| author=Cohen S, Dworetzky M, Frick OL| title=Coca and Cooke on the classification of hypersensitiveness. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2003 | volume= 111 | issue= 1 | pages= 205-10 | pmid=12532128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12532128  }} </ref>
*The first systemic study on clinical features of asthma as well as allergic rhinitis and genetics was performed by Cooke and Vander in 1916.<ref name="pmid1916">{{cite journal |vauthors=Daniiarov SB, Tkachenko BI, Plenov SA, Cherniavskaia GV, Moldotashev BU |title=[Dynamics of neuro-humoral reactions of resistant and capacitive vessels in the process of adaptation to conditions of high altitude. 1. Reflective reactions (experimental study)] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=4 |pages=10–5 |date=1975 |pmid=1916 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The term [[atopic dermatitis]] was first coined from the Greek word, atopos, by Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger, American [[Dermatologist|dermatologists]], in 1933. Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger enhanced Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke's concept to include the description of [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref name="WallachTaïeb2014" /><ref name="KramerStrom2017">{{cite journal|last1=Kramer|first1=Owen N.|last2=Strom|first2=Mark A.|last3=Ladizinski|first3=Barry|last4=Lio|first4=Peter A.|title=The history of atopic dermatitis|journal=Clinics in Dermatology|volume=35|issue=4|year=2017|pages=344–348|issn=0738081X|doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.005}}</ref><ref name="Hanifin1982">{{cite journal|last1=Hanifin|first1=Jon M.|title=Atopic dermatitis|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|volume=6|issue=1|year=1982|pages=1–13|issn=01909622|doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(82)70001-5}}</ref><ref name="StänderRopper2021">{{cite journal|last1=Ständer|first1=Sonja|last2=Ropper|first2=Allan H.|title=Atopic Dermatitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=384|issue=12|year=2021|pages=1136–1143|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra2023911}}</ref>
*A paper reporting patient with Atopic Dermatitis was published by Bruno Wüthrich in 1978, demonstrating on average higher serum IgE levels compared with controls.<ref name="pmid1996">{{cite journal |vauthors=Libíková H, Pogády J, Wiedermann V, Breier S |title=Search for herpetic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in senile dementia and mental retardation |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=493–5 |date=November 1975 |pmid=1996 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1978">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jolly RD |title=Mannosidosis of Angus Cattle: a prototype control program for some genetic diseases |journal=Adv Vet Sci Comp Med |volume=19 |issue= |pages=1–21 |date=1975 |pmid=1978 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silen W, Machen TE, Forte JG |title=Acid-base balance in amphibian gastric mucosa |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=721–30 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2015 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.721 |url=}}</ref>
*A paper reporting a patient with [[atopic dermatitis]] was published by Bruno Wüthrich in 1978, demonstrating on average higher serum [[IgE]] levels compared with controls.<ref name="Thomsen2015">{{cite journal|last1=Thomsen|first1=Simon F.|title=Epidemiology and natural history of atopic diseases|journal=European Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=2|issue=1|year=2015|pages=24642|issn=2001-8525|doi=10.3402/ecrj.v2.24642}}</ref>
* The first widely used diagnostic criteria for Atopic dermatitis was published by Jon Hanifin and Georg Rajka, in 1980.<ref name="pmid1980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rainsford KD |title=The biochemical pathology of aspirin-induced gastric damage |journal=Agents Actions |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=326–44 |date=October 1975 |pmid=1980 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rainsford KD |title=The biochemical pathology of aspirin-induced gastric damage |journal=Agents Actions |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=326–44 |date=October 1975 |pmid=1980 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1994">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sádecký E, Brezina R, Kazár J, Urvölgyi J |title=Immunization against Q-fever of naturally infected dairy cows |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=486–8 |date=November 1975 |pmid=1994 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The first widely used diagnostic criteria for [[atopic dermatitis]] was published by Jon Hanifin and Georg Rajka, in 1980.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2340/00015555924447}}</ref>
* Hanifin and Rajka criteria was modified by Williams et al in 1997, to develop the UK Working Party criteria, in which an individual must have itchy skin for 12 months along with other features.<ref name="pmid1980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rainsford KD |title=The biochemical pathology of aspirin-induced gastric damage |journal=Agents Actions |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=326–44 |date=October 1975 |pmid=1980 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1975">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fuller RW, Bromer WW, Snoddy HD, Baker JC, Jurtshuk P, McEntire JE |title=Regulation of enzyme activity by glucagon: increased hormonal activity of iodinated glucagon |journal=Adv. Enzyme Regul. |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=201–15 |date=November 1975 |pmid=1975 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colman RF |title=Mechanisms for the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate: implications for control |journal=Adv. Enzyme Regul. |volume=13 |issue= |pages=413–33 |date=1975 |pmid=1977 |doi= |url=}}</ref<ref name="pmid1994">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sádecký E, Brezina R, Kazár J, Urvölgyi J |title=Immunization against Q-fever of naturally infected dairy cows |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=486–8 |date=November 1975 |pmid=1994 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yasumoto T, Dorofeyeva LV |title=[Histological study of host reactions to allograft of the tooth and the subcutaneous insertion of dental prosthetic materials] |language=Japanese |journal=Igaku Kenkyu |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=92–104 |date=April 1975 |pmid=1958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1994">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sádecký E, Brezina R, Kazár J, Urvölgyi J |title=Immunization against Q-fever of naturally infected dairy cows |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=486–8 |date=November 1975 |pmid=1994 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Hanifin and Rajka's criteria was modified by Williams et al. in 1997, to develop the UK Working Party criteria, in which an individual must have itchy skin for 12 months along with other features.<ref name="pmid7918015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Williams HC, Burney PG, Hay RJ, Archer CB, Shipley MJ, Hunter JJ, Bingham EA, Finlay AY, Pembroke AC, Graham-Brown RA |title=The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=383–96 |date=September 1994 |pmid=7918015 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In 2006, filaggrin gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis by Palmer et al.<ref name="pmid2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frankle RT |title=Nutrition education in the medical school curriculum: a proposal for action: a curriculum design |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=105–9 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2006 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/29.1.105 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parry WH, Martorano F, Cotton EK |title=Management of life-threatening asthma with intravenous isoproterenol infusions |journal=Am. J. Dis. Child. |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=39–42 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2007 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson TR, Slotkin TA, Stamm O, Latscha U, Janecek P, Campana A |title=Maturation of the adrenal medulla--IV. Effects of morphine |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=24 |issue=16 |pages=1469–74 |date=August 1975 |pmid=7 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoyaux J, Gilles R, Jeuniaux C, Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA |title=Osmoregulation in molluscs of the intertidal zone |journal=Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=361–5 |date=September 1976 |pmid=3321 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref>
*In 2006, [[filaggrin]] gene mutations were first implicated in the [[pathogenesis]] of [[atopic dermatitis]] by Palmer et al.<ref name="pmid16550169">{{cite journal |vauthors=Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, Goudie DR, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Smith FJ, O'Regan GM, Watson RM, Cecil JE, Bale SJ, Compton JG, DiGiovanna JJ, Fleckman P, Lewis-Jones S, Arseculeratne G, Sergeant A, Munro CS, El Houate B, McElreavey K, Halkjaer LB, Bisgaard H, Mukhopadhyay S, McLean WH |title=Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=441–6 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16550169 |doi=10.1038/ng1767 |url=}}</ref>
 


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
<ref name="pmid1933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU, Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU |title=[Dynamics of neuro-humoral reactions of resistant and capacitive vessels in the process of adaptation to high altitude conditions. Reactions to electric stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. 2. (Experimental study)] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=5 |pages=11–6 |date=1975 |pmid=1933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
[[Category:Dermatology]]
<ref name="pmid2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frankle RT |title=Nutrition education in the medical school curriculum: a proposal for action: a curriculum design |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=105–9 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2006 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/29.1.105 |url=}}</ref>
[[Category:Up-to-Date]]
<ref name="pmid2003">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=V.I. Gavrilov |journal=Acta Virol. |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=510 |date=November 1975 |pmid=2003 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid1923">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdyldaev OA |title=[Certain problems of diagnosis and clinical course of nephroptosis] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=4 |pages=32–4 |date=1975 |pmid=1923 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parry WH, Martorano F, Cotton EK |title=Management of life-threatening asthma with intravenous isoproterenol infusions |journal=Am. J. Dis. Child. |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=39–42 |date=January 1976 |pmid=2007 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA, Giangrande M, Kim YW, Mizukami H, Nitta K, Yoneyama M |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bose KS, Sarma RH, Kahnt WD, Mundy V, Grosch W |title=Delineation of the intimate details of the backbone conformation of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes in aqueous solution |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1173–9 |date=October 1975 |pmid=2 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid1933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU, Cherniavskaia GV, Polenov SA, Tkachenko BI, Daniiarov SB, Moldotashev BU |title=[Dynamics of neuro-humoral reactions of resistant and capacitive vessels in the process of adaptation to high altitude conditions. Reactions to electric stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. 2. (Experimental study)] |language=Russian |journal=Zdravookhr Kirg |volume= |issue=5 |pages=11–6 |date=1975 |pmid=1933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid1974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holzer H |title=Chemistry and biology of macromolecular inhibitors from yeast acting on proteinases A and B, and carboxypeptidase Y |journal=Adv. Enzyme Regul. |volume=13 |issue= |pages=125–34 |date=1975 |pmid=1974 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Poole-Wilson PA, Langer GA |title=Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=229 |issue=3 |pages=570–81 |date=September 1975 |pmid=2014 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.3.570 |url=}}</ref>
 
 
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Latest revision as of 03:26, 16 October 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD; Shalinder Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

In 1933, atopic dermatitis was first coined by two American dermatologists, Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger. The first study on the clinical features of asthma as well as allergic rhinitis and genetics was performed by Cooke and Vander in 1916. An association of higher serum IgE levels was published by Bruno Wüthrich in 1978.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • One of the very first traces of the relationship between allergies and genetic factors was described by Hippocrates.[1]
  • In 1816, Willan and Bateman described a disease, “Porrigo larvalis,” which is identified as one of the earliest descriptions of atopic dermatitis.[2][3][4]
  • The first systemic study on the clinical features of asthma as well as allergic rhinitis and genetics was performed by Cooke and Vander in 1916.[5]
  • The association between heritable hypersensitivity to allergens in patients with asthma and hay fever and atopic dermatitis was made in 1923 by Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke.[6][7]
  • The term atopic dermatitis was first coined from the Greek word, atopos, by Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger, American dermatologists, in 1933. Fred Wise and Marion Sulzberger enhanced Arthur Coca and Robert Cooke's concept to include the description of atopic dermatitis.[3][8][9][10]
  • A paper reporting a patient with atopic dermatitis was published by Bruno Wüthrich in 1978, demonstrating on average higher serum IgE levels compared with controls.[11]
  • The first widely used diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis was published by Jon Hanifin and Georg Rajka, in 1980.[12]
  • Hanifin and Rajka's criteria was modified by Williams et al. in 1997, to develop the UK Working Party criteria, in which an individual must have itchy skin for 12 months along with other features.[13]
  • In 2006, filaggrin gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis by Palmer et al.[14]

References

  1. ↑ Mier, P.D. (1975). "EARLIEST DESCRIPTION OF THE ATOPIC SYNDROME?". British Journal of Dermatology. 92 (3): 359–359. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03091.x. ISSN 0007-0963.
  2. ↑ Wallach D, Coste J, Tilles G, Taïeb A (October 2005). "The first images of atopic dermatitis: an attempt at retrospective diagnosis in dermatology". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 53 (4): 684–9. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.045. PMID 16198792.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wallach, Daniel; Taïeb, Alain (2014). "Atopic Dermatitis/Atopic Eczema". 100: 81–96. doi:10.1159/000358606. ISSN 1660-2242.
  4. ↑ Levell, N.J. (2000). "Thomas Bateman MD FLS 1778-1821". British Journal of Dermatology. 143 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03582.x. ISSN 0007-0963.
  5. ↑ Dworetzky, Murray; Cohen, Sheldon G.; Blumenthal, Malcolm N. (2002). "Pioneers and milestones". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 110 (4): 674–680. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(02)70054-7. ISSN 0091-6749.
  6. ↑ Kramer, Owen N.; Strom, Mark A.; Ladizinski, Barry; Lio, Peter A. (2017). "The history of atopic dermatitis". Clinics in Dermatology. 35 (4): 344–348. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.005. ISSN 0738-081X.
  7. ↑ Cohen S, Dworetzky M, Frick OL (2003). "Coca and Cooke on the classification of hypersensitiveness". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 111 (1): 205–10. PMID 12532128.
  8. ↑ Kramer, Owen N.; Strom, Mark A.; Ladizinski, Barry; Lio, Peter A. (2017). "The history of atopic dermatitis". Clinics in Dermatology. 35 (4): 344–348. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.005. ISSN 0738-081X.
  9. ↑ Hanifin, Jon M. (1982). "Atopic dermatitis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 6 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(82)70001-5. ISSN 0190-9622.
  10. ↑ Ständer, Sonja; Ropper, Allan H. (2021). "Atopic Dermatitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (12): 1136–1143. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2023911. ISSN 0028-4793.
  11. ↑ Thomsen, Simon F. (2015). "Epidemiology and natural history of atopic diseases". European Clinical Respiratory Journal. 2 (1): 24642. doi:10.3402/ecrj.v2.24642. ISSN 2001-8525.
  12. ↑ . doi:10.2340/00015555924447. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ Williams HC, Burney PG, Hay RJ, Archer CB, Shipley MJ, Hunter JJ, Bingham EA, Finlay AY, Pembroke AC, Graham-Brown RA (September 1994). "The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis". Br. J. Dermatol. 131 (3): 383–96. PMID 7918015.
  14. ↑ Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, Goudie DR, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Smith FJ, O'Regan GM, Watson RM, Cecil JE, Bale SJ, Compton JG, DiGiovanna JJ, Fleckman P, Lewis-Jones S, Arseculeratne G, Sergeant A, Munro CS, El Houate B, McElreavey K, Halkjaer LB, Bisgaard H, Mukhopadhyay S, McLean WH (April 2006). "Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis". Nat. Genet. 38 (4): 441–6. doi:10.1038/ng1767. PMID 16550169.
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