Chronic renal failure x ray: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Renal osteodystrophy]] is a [[bone]] pathology | Because CRF is a long standing renal disease, CRF patients are at risk for developing renal osteodystrophy. [[Renal osteodystrophy]] is a [[bone]] pathology characterized by defective mineralization that results from long standing renal compromise. It combines features from [[secondary hyperparathyroidism]], [[osteomalacia]] and [[osteoporosis]]. Renal osteodystrophy presents with non-specific signs and symptoms like weakness, bone pain and skeletal deformities. The most common complication of [[renal osteodystrophy]] is [[fracture]], which may be from osteomalatic bone or osteoporotic bone. [[Dialysis]] patients may experience [[osteomyelitis]], [[septic arthritis]], [[osteonecrosis]] or [[carpel tunnel syndrome (patient information)|carpel tunnel syndrome]], whereas renal [[organ transplant|transplant]] patients may experience [[tendonitis]], [[osteonecrosis]], [[tendon]] rupture or [[fracture]].<ref name="pmid7040783">{{cite journal |author=Andresen JH, Nielsen HE |title=[Extraskeletal calcification in chronic renal failure during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation (author's transl)] |language=German |journal=[[Klinische Wochenschrift]] |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=199–205 |year=1982 |month=February |pmid=7040783 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==X-ray Findings== | |||
==X-ray | |||
* Osseous resorbtion | * Osseous resorbtion | ||
* Soft tissue [[calcification]] | * Soft tissue [[calcification]] | ||
* [[Osteopenia]] | * [[Osteopenia]] | ||
* [[Amyloidosis|Amyloid deposition]] | * [[Amyloidosis|Amyloid deposition]] | ||
* Calcification of cartilage ([[chondrocalcinosis]]) - typically at the knees and [[pubic symphysis]]. | * [[Calcification]] of [[cartilage]] ([[chondrocalcinosis]]) - typically at the knees and [[pubic symphysis]]. | ||
* Bone loss - "patchy" appearance ([[osteopenia]]) | * [[Bone]] loss - "patchy" appearance ([[osteopenia]]) | ||
* | * [[Fracture]]s | ||
===X-ray | ===X-ray Findings in patients on Dialysis=== | ||
* In patients older than 40 years | * In patients older than 40 years, soft tissue [[calcification]] and [[Arteriosclerosis|Monkeberg's medial calcific sclerosis]] | ||
* In patients younger than 40 years of age | * In patients younger than 40 years of age, only soft tissue [[calcification]] is seen.<ref name="pmid960855">{{cite journal |author=Raue I, Lieschke HJ, Börner P |title=[X-ray findings in bones of patients with chronic renal insufficiency under chronic hemodialysis program] |language=German |journal=Z Gesamte Inn Med |volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=334–6 |year=1976 |month=May |pmid=960855 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Chest X-ray | ===Chest X-ray Findings=== | ||
The chest | The chest X-ray may show [[pulmonary edema]], which occurs from a combination of fluid overload and abnormal permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature.<ref name="pmid17345689">{{cite journal |author=Headley CM, Wall BM |title=Flash pulmonary edema in patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease |journal=Nephrol Nurs J |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–26, 37; quiz 27–8 |year=2007 |pmid=17345689 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2712900">{{cite journal |author=Gehm L, Propp DA |title=Pulmonary edema in the renal failure patient |journal=Am J Emerg Med |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=336–9 |year=1989 |month=May |pmid=2712900 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:36, 25 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Because CRF is a long standing renal disease, CRF patients are at risk for developing renal osteodystrophy. Renal osteodystrophy is a bone pathology characterized by defective mineralization that results from long standing renal compromise. It combines features from secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Renal osteodystrophy presents with non-specific signs and symptoms like weakness, bone pain and skeletal deformities. The most common complication of renal osteodystrophy is fracture, which may be from osteomalatic bone or osteoporotic bone. Dialysis patients may experience osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, osteonecrosis or carpel tunnel syndrome, whereas renal transplant patients may experience tendonitis, osteonecrosis, tendon rupture or fracture.[1]
X-ray Findings
- Osseous resorbtion
- Soft tissue calcification
- Osteopenia
- Amyloid deposition
- Calcification of cartilage (chondrocalcinosis) - typically at the knees and pubic symphysis.
- Bone loss - "patchy" appearance (osteopenia)
- Fractures
X-ray Findings in patients on Dialysis
- In patients older than 40 years, soft tissue calcification and Monkeberg's medial calcific sclerosis
- In patients younger than 40 years of age, only soft tissue calcification is seen.[2]
Chest X-ray Findings
The chest X-ray may show pulmonary edema, which occurs from a combination of fluid overload and abnormal permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Andresen JH, Nielsen HE (1982). "[Extraskeletal calcification in chronic renal failure during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation (author's transl)]". Klinische Wochenschrift (in German). 60 (4): 199–205. PMID 7040783. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Raue I, Lieschke HJ, Börner P (1976). "[X-ray findings in bones of patients with chronic renal insufficiency under chronic hemodialysis program]". Z Gesamte Inn Med (in German). 31 (10): 334–6. PMID 960855. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Headley CM, Wall BM (2007). "Flash pulmonary edema in patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease". Nephrol Nurs J. 34 (1): 15–26, 37, quiz 27–8. PMID 17345689.
- ↑ Gehm L, Propp DA (1989). "Pulmonary edema in the renal failure patient". Am J Emerg Med. 7 (3): 336–9. PMID 2712900. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)