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{{Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone}}
{{Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Vbe}}
 
==Overview==
[[SIADH|Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone]] is caused by excess of [[renal]] water reabsorption through inappropriate [[antidiuretic hormone]] secretion. There are various causes attributed to [[SIADH]] ranging from [[malignancies]], [[medications]], [[central nervous system]] causes, and [[infectious]]. Some of the most common causes of [[SIADH]] include malignancies, like [[small cell lung cancer]] and [[medications]], such as [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] and [[Carbamazepine|carbamazepine]].
 
==Causes==
===Common causes===
* [[Head injury]]
* [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
* [[Cancers]]
** [[Lung cancer]] (especially [[Small cell lung cancer|small cell lung cance]], as well as other small-cell malignancies of other organs)
* [[Infections]]
** [[Brain abscess]]
** [[Pneumonia]]
** [[Lung abscess]]
* [[Medications]]
** [[Chlorpropamide]]
** [[Cyclophosphamide]]
** [[Carbamazepine]]
** [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]]
** [[Methylenedioxymethamphetamine]] (MDMA, commonly called [[Ecstasy]])<ref name="pmid22029026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pillai BP, Unnikrishnan AG, Pavithran PV |title=Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: Revisiting a classical endocrine disorder |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=15 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=S208–15 |year=2011 |pmid=22029026 |pmc=3183532 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84870 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16738014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schrier RW |title=Body water homeostasis: clinical disorders of urinary dilution and concentration |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=1820–32 |year=2006 |pmid=16738014 |doi=10.1681/ASN.2006030240 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5570319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Derubertis FR, Michelis MF, Bloom ME, Mintz DH, Field JB, Davis BB |title=Impaired water excretion in myxedema |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=41–53 |year=1971 |pmid=5570319 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{|
 
 
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Mesothelioma]]
|-
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Mesothelioma]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Drugs'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]], [[Nicotine]], [[Oxytocin]], [[Pergolide]], [[Phenothiazines]], [[SSRI]]s, [[Tricyclic antidepressant|Tricyclic antidepressants]],[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]], [[Vasopressin]], [[Vinblastine]], [[Vincristine]], [[Bromocriptine]], [[Clofibrate]], [[Prostaglandins]], [[Melphalan]], [[Interferon-alpha]], [[Tacrolimus]], [[Diclofenac]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorthiazide]], [[Clonidine]], [[Levodopa]], [[Rituximab]], [[Methylenedioxymethamphetamine]], Leveteiracetam, [[Quinolones]]
 
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Carcinoid]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Mesothelioma]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Carcinoid]], [[Duodenal]] [[carcinoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Agenesis corpus collosum]], [[Amyotropic lateral sclerosis]], [[Hydrocephalus]], Midline defects, [[Multiple sclerosis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Thymoma]], [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[AIDS]], [[Bacterial pneumonia]], [[Brain abscess]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Lung abscess]], Lung [[cavitation]], [[Meningitis]], [[Tuberculosis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Amyotropic lateral sclerosis]], [[Ewing's sarcoma]], [[Polyradiculitis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Agenesis corpus collosum]], [[Amyotropic lateral sclerosis]], [[Brain abscess]], [[Carcinoid]], [[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]], [[Delirium tremens]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hydrocephalus]], [[Meningitis]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Polyradiculitis]], [[Stroke]], [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[Subdural hemorrhage]], [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]], [[Traumatic brain injury]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Ovarian cancer]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Bronchial adenoma, [[Carcinoid]], [[Duodenal]] [[carcinoma]], [[Ewing's sarcoma]], [[Lung cancer|Lung carcinoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Thymoma]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Delirium tremens]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Phenothiazines]], [[Psychosis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Asthma]], [[Bacterial pneumonia]], Bronchial adenoma, [[Carcinoid]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Lung carcinoma]], Lung [[cavitation]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Tuberculosis]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Asthma]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pneumothorax]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Positive pressure ventilation]], Transsphenoidal surgery , [[Polyarteritis Nodosa]]
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
*[[Agenesis corpus collosum]]
*[[AIDS]]
*[[Amyotropic lateral sclerosis]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Bacterial pneumonia]]
*[[Brain abscess]]
*Bronchial [[adenoma]]
*[[Carbamazepine]]
*[[Carcinoid]]
*[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Delirium tremens]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Duodenal]] [[carcinoma]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Ewing's sarcoma]]
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*[[Lung abscess]]
*[[Lung carcinoma]]
*Lung [[cavitation]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*Midline defects
*[[MAO inhibitor|Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Nicotine]]
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
*[[Oxytocin]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Polyradiculitis]]
*[[Positive pressure ventilation]]
*[[Psychosis]]
*[[SSRI]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Thymoma]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressant]]s
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Vasopressin]]
*[[Vinblastine]]
*[[Vincristine]]
</div>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 00:22, 30 July 2020

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is caused by excess of renal water reabsorption through inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. There are various causes attributed to SIADH ranging from malignancies, medications, central nervous system causes, and infectious. Some of the most common causes of SIADH include malignancies, like small cell lung cancer and medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and carbamazepine.

Causes

Common causes

Causes by Organ System

Chemical / poisoning Mesothelioma
Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Mesothelioma
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drugs Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, Nicotine, Oxytocin, Pergolide, Phenothiazines, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants,Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, Vasopressin, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Bromocriptine, Clofibrate, Prostaglandins, Melphalan, Interferon-alpha, Tacrolimus, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Fentanyl, Amiodarone, Hydrochlorthiazide, Clonidine, Levodopa, Rituximab, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Leveteiracetam, Quinolones
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Carcinoid, Hypopituitarism, Hypothyroidism
Environmental Mesothelioma
Gastroenterologic Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Pancreatic cancer
Genetic Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Hydrocephalus, Midline defects, Multiple sclerosis
Hematologic Thymoma, Acute intermittent porphyria
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease AIDS, Bacterial pneumonia, Brain abscess, Encephalitis, Lung abscess, Lung cavitation, Meningitis, Tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Ewing's sarcoma, Polyradiculitis
Neurologic Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Brain abscess, Carcinoid, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Delirium tremens, Encephalitis, Hydrocephalus, Meningitis, Multiple sclerosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Polyradiculitis, Stroke, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Traumatic brain injury
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Ovarian cancer
Oncologic Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Lung carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Thymoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Delirium tremens
Psychiatric Phenothiazines, Psychosis
Pulmonary Asthma, Bacterial pneumonia, Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Lung abscess, Lung carcinoma, Lung cavitation, Mesothelioma, Pneumothorax, Tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Asthma
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Pneumothorax
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Positive pressure ventilation, Transsphenoidal surgery , Polyarteritis Nodosa

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Pillai BP, Unnikrishnan AG, Pavithran PV (2011). "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: Revisiting a classical endocrine disorder". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 15 Suppl 3: S208–15. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.84870. PMC 3183532. PMID 22029026.
  2. ↑ Schrier RW (2006). "Body water homeostasis: clinical disorders of urinary dilution and concentration". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17 (7): 1820–32. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006030240. PMID 16738014.
  3. ↑ Derubertis FR, Michelis MF, Bloom ME, Mintz DH, Field JB, Davis BB (1971). "Impaired water excretion in myxedema". Am. J. Med. 51 (1): 41–53. PMID 5570319.
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