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{{Viral gastroenteritis}}
{{Viral gastroenteritis}}
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==Overview==
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include, [[Rotavirus|Rotaviruses]], [[Norovirus|Noroviruses]], enteric [[Adenoviruses]] (group F) and [[Astrovirus|Astroviruses]]. Among them, Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults and children worldwide.
==Causes==
===Life threatening causes===
There are no life threatening causes associated with viral gastroenteritis.
===Common causes===
Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid21128089">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, Aho S, Wolfer M, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Marc E, Raymond J, Lebon P, Pothier P, Gendrel D |title=Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=361–8 |year=2011 |pmid=21128089 |doi=10.1007/s10096-010-1094-9 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |year=2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19864676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK |title=Norovirus gastroenteritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=18 |pages=1776–85 |year=2009 |pmid=19864676 |pmc=3880795 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0804575 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24981041">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA |title=Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=725–30 |year=2014 |pmid=24981041 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25437502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durmaz R, Kalaycioglu AT, Acar S, Bakkaloglu Z, Karagoz A, Korukluoglu G, Ertek M, Torunoglu MA |title=Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: report of rotavirus surveillance in Turkey |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=e113674 |year=2014 |pmid=25437502 |pmc=4249891 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0113674 |url=}}</ref><br>
*[[Rotavirus|Rotaviruses]]
*[[Norovirus|Noroviruses]]
*Enteric [[Adenoviruses]] (group F)
*[[Astrovirus|Astroviruses]]
 
===Less common causes===
Less common causes for viral gastroenteritis include:<ref name="pmid12064451">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan, May 2002 |journal=MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. |volume=51 |issue=22 |pages=477–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12064451 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Kobuvirus|Kobuviruses]] (including aichivirus)
*[[Enteroviruses]]
*[[Orthoreovirus|Orthoreoviruses]]
*[[Adenoviruses]] (other than group F)
*Toroviruses
*[[Coronaviruses]] (including [[SARS]])
*[[Parvovirus|Parvoviruses]] (including bocavirus)
===Causes in immunocompromised hosts===
In addition to common causes of viral gastroenteritis, [[immunosuppressed]] patients are prone to following viral micro-organism.<ref name="pmid19113983">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barakat SS, Campbell WN |title=Refractory diarrhea in a patient with HIV infection |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=213; 257–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19113983 |doi=10.1086/595699 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26568919">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ribeiro J, Ferreira D, Arrabalde C, Almeida S, Baldaque I, Sousa H |title=Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal |journal=World J Virol |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=372–6 |year=2015 |pmid=26568919 |pmc=4641229 |doi=10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.372 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
*Picobirnaviruses
*[[Adenoviruses]] types 42–47 (often systemic)
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Enteroviruses|Enterovirus]], [[Parvovirus]] , [[Kobuvirus]], [[Adenoviruses]], [[Aichivirus]], [[Astrovirus]], [[Babanki virus]], [[BK virus]], [[Bunyamwera virus]], [[California encephalitis virus]], [[Chandipura virus]], [[Changuinola virus disease|Changuinola virus]], [[Chikungunya virus]], [[Coronaviruses|Coronavirus]], [[Cow pox virus]], [[Coxsackie a virus|Coxsackie A virus]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[Herpes simplex virus]], [[HIV]], [[Norovirus]], [[Orthoreoviruses|Orthoreo virus]], [[Picobirnaviruses|Picobirnavirus]], [[Rotavirus]], [[Sapovirus]], [[Toroviruses|Torovirus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
 
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Aichivirus]]
*[[Astrovirus]]
*[[Babanki virus]]
*[[Bk virus]]
*[[Bunyamwera virus]]
*[[California encephalitis virus]]
*[[Chandipura virus]]
*[[Changuinola virus disease]]
*[[Chikungunya virus]]
*[[Coronaviruses]]
*[[Cow pox virus]]
*[[Coxsackie a virus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Enteric adenovirus]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
*[[Hiv]]
*[[kobuvirus]]
*[[Norovirus]]
*[[Orthoreovirus]]
*[[Parvovirus]]
*[[Picobirnavirus]]
*[[Rotavirus]]
*[[Sapovirus]]
*[[Toroviruses]]


==Overview==
}}
Many different viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses,type 40 or 41, sapoviruses, and astroviruses. Viral gastroenteritis is not caused by bacteria (such as Salmonella or Escherichia coli) or parasites (such as Giardia), or by medications or other medical conditions, although the symptoms may be similar.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
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{{WH}}
[[Category:Needs overview]]
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]


[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Abdominal pain]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]

Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include, Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, enteric Adenoviruses (group F) and Astroviruses. Among them, Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in adults and children worldwide.

Causes

Life threatening causes

There are no life threatening causes associated with viral gastroenteritis.

Common causes

Common causes of viral gastroenteritis include:[1][2][3][4][5]

Less common causes

Less common causes for viral gastroenteritis include:[6]

Causes in immunocompromised hosts

In addition to common causes of viral gastroenteritis, immunosuppressed patients are prone to following viral micro-organism.[7][8]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Enterovirus, Parvovirus , Kobuvirus, Adenoviruses, Aichivirus, Astrovirus, Babanki virus, BK virus, Bunyamwera virus, California encephalitis virus, Chandipura virus, Changuinola virus, Chikungunya virus, Coronavirus, Cow pox virus, Coxsackie A virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, HIV, Norovirus, Orthoreo virus, Picobirnavirus, Rotavirus, Sapovirus, Torovirus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, Aho S, Wolfer M, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Marc E, Raymond J, Lebon P, Pothier P, Gendrel D (2011). "Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30 (3): 361–8. doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1094-9. PMID 21128089.
  2. ↑ Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI (2012). "The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States". J. Infect. Dis. 205 (9): 1374–81. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis206. PMID 22454468.
  3. ↑ Glass RI, Parashar UD, Estes MK (2009). "Norovirus gastroenteritis". N. Engl. J. Med. 361 (18): 1776–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804575. PMC 3880795. PMID 19864676.
  4. ↑ Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA (2014). "Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Lancet Infect Dis. 14 (8): 725–30. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4. PMID 24981041.
  5. ↑ Durmaz R, Kalaycioglu AT, Acar S, Bakkaloglu Z, Karagoz A, Korukluoglu G, Ertek M, Torunoglu MA (2014). "Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: report of rotavirus surveillance in Turkey". PLoS ONE. 9 (12): e113674. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113674. PMC 4249891. PMID 25437502.
  6. ↑ "Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British military personnel--Afghanistan, May 2002". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51 (22): 477–9. 2002. PMID 12064451.
  7. ↑ Barakat SS, Campbell WN (2009). "Refractory diarrhea in a patient with HIV infection". Clin. Infect. Dis. 48 (2): 213, 257–8. doi:10.1086/595699. PMID 19113983.
  8. ↑ Ribeiro J, Ferreira D, Arrabalde C, Almeida S, Baldaque I, Sousa H (2015). "Prevalence of adenovirus and rotavirus infection in immunocompromised patients with acute gastroenteritis in Portugal". World J Virol. 4 (4): 372–6. doi:10.5501/wjv.v4.i4.372. PMC 4641229. PMID 26568919.

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