Chronic renal failure causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Rabin Bista (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
4,526 edits
Luke Rusowicz-Orazem (talk | contribs)
Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, editnews, interwiki, nocaptcha, nukepages, smwadministrator, Administrators, Widget editors
4,319 edits
No edit summary
Line 8: Line 8:
==Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease==
==Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease==
According to the National Kidney Foundation the 2 most important causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension accounting for more than one third of all cases often indicating early detection strategies. Beyond diabetes and hypertension other causes like glomerulonephritis, inherited disorders, chronic infections, and urinary tract obstruction account for most of  the remaining cases.<ref name="pmid12859163‎">{{cite journal| author=Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW et al.| title=National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2003 | volume= 139 | issue= 2 | pages= 137-47 | pmid=12859163‎ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12859163 }} </ref> Following the 2013 US Renal Data System report, a detailed calculation of the most common etiologies of ESRD in the United States adjusted for age, race and gender is shown below:<ref>U.S. Renal Data System, [http://www.usrds.org/adr.aspx|USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States], National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013.</ref>
According to the National Kidney Foundation the 2 most important causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension accounting for more than one third of all cases often indicating early detection strategies. Beyond diabetes and hypertension other causes like glomerulonephritis, inherited disorders, chronic infections, and urinary tract obstruction account for most of  the remaining cases.<ref name="pmid12859163‎">{{cite journal| author=Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW et al.| title=National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2003 | volume= 139 | issue= 2 | pages= 137-47 | pmid=12859163‎ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12859163 }} </ref> Following the 2013 US Renal Data System report, a detailed calculation of the most common etiologies of ESRD in the United States adjusted for age, race and gender is shown below:<ref>U.S. Renal Data System, [http://www.usrds.org/adr.aspx|USRDS 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States], National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013.</ref>


[[Image:CKD_stats.png|600px|center]]
[[Image:CKD_stats.png|600px|center]]


 
===Common Causes===
A more extensive list of common conditions, exposures, and drugs that lead to renal injury with progression to CKD is presented below:
 
'''Conditions:'''
*[[Alport's syndrome]]
*[[Alport's syndrome]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
Line 68: Line 64:
*[[Vesicoureteral reflux]]
*[[Vesicoureteral reflux]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
Other less common causes of CKD are possible.


===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Amyloidosis]],  [[Essential hypertension]],  [[Hypertension]],  [[Hypertensive nephrosclerosis]],  [[Hypotension]],  [[Intraglomerular hypertension]],  [[Malignant hypertension]],  [[Renal artery stenosis]],  [[Renal vein thrombosis]],  [[Scleroderma]],  [[Systemic hypertension]],  [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]],  [[Vasculitis]],  [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bismuth]],  [[Carbon tetrachloride]],  [[Lead]],  [[Lithium]],  [[Pamidronate]],  [[Radiocontrast agents]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Scleroderma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ace inhibitors]],  [[Acetominophen]],  [[Acyclovir]],  [[Allopurinol]],  [[Aminoglycosides]],  [[Amphotericin b]],  [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]],  [[Anticoagulants]],  [[Aspirin]],  [[Bevacizumab]],  [[Carboplatin]],  [[Carmustine]],  [[Cefoxitin ]],  [[Chloroquine]],  [[Cimetidine]],  [[Cisplatin]],  [[Cyclosporine]],  [[Diflunisal]],  [[Erythromycin]],  [[Febuxostat]],  [[Ferumoxytol]],  [[Flucytosine]],  [[Foscarnet]],  [[Furosemide]],  [[Gadopentetate]],  [[Gentamicin]],  [[Hydroxychloroquine]],  [[Ifosfamide]],  [[Infliximab]],  [[Isoniazid]],  [[Laxatives]],  [[Lithium]],  [[Lomustine]],  [[Mesalamine]],  [[Methicillin]],  [[Mitomycin c]],  [[Nitrosourea]],  [[Nsaids]],  [[Penicillin]],  [[Pentamidine]],  [[Phenytoin]],  [[Propylthiouracil]],  [[Protease inhibitors]],  [[Quinine]],  [[Rifampicin]],  [[Saxagliptin]],  [[Sulfa-containing antibiotics]],  [[Sulfonamides]],  [[Sulindac]],  [[Tacrolimus]],  [[Thiazides]],  [[Tizanidine]],  [[Trimethoprim ]],  [[Vancomycin]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3]],  [[Hyperoxaluria]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Glycogenosis type 1b]],  [[Tubulointerstitial disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria ]],  [[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]],  [[Alport's syndrome]],  [[Alström syndrome]],  [[Barakat syndrome]],  [[Bardet-biedl syndrome]],  [[Dent disease]],  [[Denys-drash syndrome]],  [[Fabry's disease]],  [[Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome]],  [[Frasier syndrome]],  [[Galloway-mowat syndrome]],  [[Hereditary nephritides]],  [[Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia]],  [[Interferons]],  [[Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome]],  [[Lesch-nyhan syndrome]],  [[Loken senior syndrome]],  [[Lowe syndrome]],  [[Mainzer-saldino disease]],  [[Papillorenal syndrome]],  [[Recurrent hereditary polyserositis]],  [[Sensenbrenner syndrome]],  [[Townes-brocks syndrome]],  [[X-linked hypophosphataemia]],  [[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]],  [[Hyperlipidemia]],  [[Hypovolemia]],  [[Interferons]],  [[Light chain disease]],  [[Normocytic normochromic anemia]],  [[Sickle cell disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystinosis]],  [[Dioctophyma renale]],  [[Schistosoma haematobium]],  [[Sepsis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Action myoclonus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Action myoclonus ]],  [[Lesch-nyhan syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria ]],  [[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]],  [[Diabetes mellitus type 1]],  [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]],  [[Diabetic nephropathy]],  [[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]],  [[Metabolic acidosis]],  [[Oxalosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia]],  [[Metastatic prostate cancer]],  [[Multiple myeloma]],  [[Prostate cancer]],  [[Renal cell carcinoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]],  [[Loken senior syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cocaine]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alport's syndrome]],  [[Balkan endemic nephropathy]],  [[Barakat syndrome]],  [[Chronic glomerulonephritis]],  [[Chronic pyelonephritis]],  [[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]],  [[Dense deposit disease]],  [[Dent disease]],  [[Denys-drash syndrome]],  [[Diabetic nephropathy]],  [[Dioctophyma renale]],  [[Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy]],  [[Fibronectin glomerulopathy]],  [[Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome]],  [[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]],  [[Glomerular hypertrophy]],  [[Glomerulocystic kidney disease]],  [[Glomerulonephritis]],  [[Glomerulosclerosis]],  [[Goodpasture’s syndrome]],  [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]],  [[Hereditary nephritides]],  [[Hydronephrosis]],  [[Hyperkalemia]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2]],  [[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3]],  [[Hyperoxaluria]],  [[Hypertensive nephrosclerosis]],  [[Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 1]],  [[Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 2]],  [[Idiopathic membranous nephropathy]],  [[Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis]],  [[Iga nephropathy]],  [[Interstitial nephritis]],  [[Intraglomerular hypertension]],  [[Light chain disease]],  [[Medullary cystic kidney disease]],  [[Medullary cystic renal disease]],  [[Medullary sponge kidney]],  [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]],  [[Membranous nephritis]],  [[Nephritic syndrome]],  [[Nephrolithiasis]],  [[Nephrosclerosis]],  [[Nephrotic syndrome]],  [[Normocytic normochromic anemia]],  [[Obstructive nephropathy]],  [[Obstructive uropathy]],  [[Oxalosis]],  [[Papillorenal syndrome]],  [[Polycystic kidney disease]],  [[Proteinuria]],  [[Pyelonephritis]],  [[Reflux nephropathy]],  [[Renal artery stenosis]],  [[Renal cell carcinoma]],  [[Renal tubular acidosis]],  [[Renal vein thrombosis]],  [[Systemic sclerosis]],  [[Urinary tract obstruction]],  [[Vesicoureteral reflux]],  [[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]],  [[Goodpasture’s syndrome]],  [[Gout]],  [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]],  [[Lupus nephritis]],  [[Lupus]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]],  [[Dent disease]],  [[Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy]],  [[Frasier syndrome]],  [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}


'''Drugs'''
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[Ace inhibitors]]
*[[Acetominophen]]
*[[Acetominophen]]
*[[Acyclovir ]]
*[[Action myoclonus ]]
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria ]]
*[[Acyclovir]]
*[[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]]
*[[Allopurinol]]
*[[Allopurinol]]
*[[Alport's syndrome]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
*[[Aminoglycosides]]
*[[Aminoglycosides]]
*[[Amphotericin B]]
*[[Amphotericin b]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]]
*[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]]
*[[Anticoagulants]]
*[[Anticoagulants]]
*[[Aspirin]]
*[[Aspirin]]
*[[Balkan endemic nephropathy]]
*[[Barakat syndrome]]
*[[Bardet-biedl syndrome]]
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Bismuth]]
*[[Bismuth]]
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Carmustine]]
*[[Carmustine]]
*[[Cefoxitin ]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Chronic glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]
*[[Cimetidine]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Cystinosis]]
*[[Dense deposit disease]]
*[[Dent disease]]
*[[Denys-drash syndrome]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus type 1]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus type 2]]
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*[[Diflunisal]]
*[[Diflunisal]]
*[[Dioctophyma renale]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Essential hypertension]]
*[[Fabry's disease]]
*[[Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy]]
*[[Febuxostat]]
*[[Febuxostat]]
*[[ferumoxytol]]
*[[Ferumoxytol]]
*[[Fibronectin glomerulopathy]]
*[[Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Flucytosine]]
*[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]]
*[[Foscarnet]]
*[[Foscarnet]]
*[[Frasier syndrome]]
*[[Furosemide]]
*[[Furosemide]]
*[[gadopentetate]]
*[[Gadopentetate]]
*[[Galloway-mowat syndrome]]
*[[Gentamicin]]
*[[Gentamicin]]
*[[Glomerular hypertrophy]]
*[[Glomerulocystic kidney disease]]
*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Glomerulosclerosis]]
*[[Glycogenosis type 1b]]
*[[Goodpasture’s syndrome]]
*[[Gout]]
*[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[Hereditary nephritides]]
*[[Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia]]
*[[Hydronephrosis]]
*[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
*[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
*[[Hyperkalemia]]
*[[Hyperlipidemia]]
*[[Hyperoxaluria]]
*[[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1]]
*[[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2]]
*[[Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3]]
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hypertensive nephrosclerosis]]
*[[Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 1]]
*[[Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 2]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Hypovolemia]]
*[[Idiopathic membranous nephropathy]]
*[[Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis]]
*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Ifosfamide]]
*[[Infliximab ]]
*[[Iga nephropathy]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Interferons]]
*[[Interstitial nephritis]]
*[[Intraglomerular hypertension]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome]]
*[[Laxatives]]
*[[Laxatives]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]]
*[[Lesch-nyhan syndrome]]
*[[Light chain disease]]
*[[Lithium]]
*[[Lithium]]
*[[Loken senior syndrome]]
*[[Lomustine]]
*[[Lomustine]]
*[[Lowe syndrome]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Lupus nephritis]]
*[[Mainzer-saldino disease]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*[[Medullary cystic kidney disease]]
*[[Medullary cystic renal disease]]
*[[Medullary sponge kidney]]
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Membranous nephritis]]
*[[Mesalamine]]
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]
*[[Metastatic prostate cancer]]
*[[Methicillin]]
*[[Methicillin]]
*[[Mesalamine]]
*[[Mitomycin c]]
*[[Mitomycin C]]
*[[Multiple myeloma]]
*[[Interferons]]
*[[Nephritic syndrome]]
*[[Nitrosoureas]]
*[[Nephrolithiasis]]
*[[NSAIDs]]
*[[Nephrosclerosis]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Nitrosourea]]
*[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
*[[Nsaids]]
*[[Obstructive nephropathy]]
*[[Obstructive uropathy]]
*[[Oxalosis]]
*[[Pamidronate]]
*[[Pamidronate]]
*[[Papillorenal syndrome]]
*[[Penicillin]]
*[[Penicillin]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Phenytoin ]]
*[[Phenytoin]]
*[[Polycystic kidney disease]]
*[[Propylthiouracil]]
*[[Propylthiouracil]]
*[[Protease Inhibitors]]
*[[Prostate cancer]]
*[[Protease inhibitors]]
*[[Proteinuria]]
*[[Pyelonephritis]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[Radiocontrast agents]]
*[[Recurrent hereditary polyserositis]]
*[[Reflux nephropathy]]
*[[Renal artery stenosis]]
*[[Renal cell carcinoma]]
*[[Renal tubular acidosis]]
*[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rifampicin]]
*[[Rifampicin]]
*[[Saxagliptin]]
*[[Saxagliptin]]
*[[Schistosoma haematobium]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Sensenbrenner syndrome]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Sickle cell disease]]
*[[Sulfa-containing antibiotics]]
*[[Sulfa-containing antibiotics]]
*[[Sulfonamides]]
*[[Sulfonamides]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Systemic hypertension]]
*[[Systemic sclerosis]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Thiazides]]
*[[Thiazides]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Tizanidine]]
*[[Tizanidine]]
*[[Townes-brocks syndrome]]
*[[Trimethoprim ]]
*[[Tubulointerstitial disease]]
*[[Urinary tract obstruction]]
*[[Vancomycin]]
*[[Vancomycin]]
Other drugs have also been linked to CKD.
*[[Vasculitis]]
 
*[[Vesicoureteral reflux]]
 
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
'''Exposures'''
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
*[[Carbon tetrachloride ]]
*[[X-linked hypophosphataemia]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Radiocontrast agents]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Revision as of 19:38, 7 November 2016

Chronic renal failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Chronic renal failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Chronic renal failure causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chronic renal failure causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Chronic renal failure causes

CDC on Chronic renal failure causes

Chronic renal failure causes in the news

Blogs on Chronic renal failure causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Chronic renal failure

Risk calculators and risk factors for Chronic renal failure causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Common causes of chronic renal failure include diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. The commonest cause of stage 5 CKD in the U.S. is diabetes and is characterized by proteinuria and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. Hypertension is the second most common cause of Stage 5 CKD in the US, and often co-exists in diabetic patients.

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

According to the National Kidney Foundation the 2 most important causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension accounting for more than one third of all cases often indicating early detection strategies. Beyond diabetes and hypertension other causes like glomerulonephritis, inherited disorders, chronic infections, and urinary tract obstruction account for most of the remaining cases.[1] Following the 2013 US Renal Data System report, a detailed calculation of the most common etiologies of ESRD in the United States adjusted for age, race and gender is shown below:[2]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Amyloidosis, Essential hypertension, Hypertension, Hypertensive nephrosclerosis, Hypotension, Intraglomerular hypertension, Malignant hypertension, Renal artery stenosis, Renal vein thrombosis, Scleroderma, Systemic hypertension, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Chemical/Poisoning Bismuth, Carbon tetrachloride, Lead, Lithium, Pamidronate, Radiocontrast agents
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Scleroderma
Drug Side Effect Ace inhibitors, Acetominophen, Acyclovir, Allopurinol, Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin b, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin, Carmustine, Cefoxitin , Chloroquine, Cimetidine, Cisplatin, Cyclosporine, Diflunisal, Erythromycin, Febuxostat, Ferumoxytol, Flucytosine, Foscarnet, Furosemide, Gadopentetate, Gentamicin, Hydroxychloroquine, Ifosfamide, Infliximab, Isoniazid, Laxatives, Lithium, Lomustine, Mesalamine, Methicillin, Mitomycin c, Nitrosourea, Nsaids, Penicillin, Pentamidine, Phenytoin, Propylthiouracil, Protease inhibitors, Quinine, Rifampicin, Saxagliptin, Sulfa-containing antibiotics, Sulfonamides, Sulindac, Tacrolimus, Thiazides, Tizanidine, Trimethoprim , Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Amyloidosis, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3, Hyperoxaluria
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Glycogenosis type 1b, Tubulointerstitial disease
Genetic Acute intermittent porphyria , Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Alport's syndrome, Alström syndrome, Barakat syndrome, Bardet-biedl syndrome, Dent disease, Denys-drash syndrome, Fabry's disease, Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome, Frasier syndrome, Galloway-mowat syndrome, Hereditary nephritides, Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia, Interferons, Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome, Lesch-nyhan syndrome, Loken senior syndrome, Lowe syndrome, Mainzer-saldino disease, Papillorenal syndrome, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis, Sensenbrenner syndrome, Townes-brocks syndrome, X-linked hypophosphataemia, X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1
Hematologic Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Hyperlipidemia, Hypovolemia, Interferons, Light chain disease, Normocytic normochromic anemia, Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Cystinosis, Dioctophyma renale, Schistosoma haematobium, Sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Action myoclonus
Neurologic Action myoclonus , Lesch-nyhan syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic Acute intermittent porphyria , Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Diabetic nephropathy, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Metabolic acidosis, Oxalosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia, Metastatic prostate cancer, Multiple myeloma, Prostate cancer, Renal cell carcinoma
Ophthalmologic Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Loken senior syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity Cocaine
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Renal/Electrolyte Alport's syndrome, Balkan endemic nephropathy, Barakat syndrome, Chronic glomerulonephritis, Chronic pyelonephritis, Congenital nephrotic syndrome, Dense deposit disease, Dent disease, Denys-drash syndrome, Diabetic nephropathy, Dioctophyma renale, Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, Fibronectin glomerulopathy, Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Glomerular hypertrophy, Glomerulocystic kidney disease, Glomerulonephritis, Glomerulosclerosis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hereditary nephritides, Hydronephrosis, Hyperkalemia, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2, Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3, Hyperoxaluria, Hypertensive nephrosclerosis, Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 1, Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 2, Idiopathic membranous nephropathy, Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis, Iga nephropathy, Interstitial nephritis, Intraglomerular hypertension, Light chain disease, Medullary cystic kidney disease, Medullary cystic renal disease, Medullary sponge kidney, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Membranous nephritis, Nephritic syndrome, Nephrolithiasis, Nephrosclerosis, Nephrotic syndrome, Normocytic normochromic anemia, Obstructive nephropathy, Obstructive uropathy, Oxalosis, Papillorenal syndrome, Polycystic kidney disease, Proteinuria, Pyelonephritis, Reflux nephropathy, Renal artery stenosis, Renal cell carcinoma, Renal tubular acidosis, Renal vein thrombosis, Systemic sclerosis, Urinary tract obstruction, Vesicoureteral reflux, Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Gout, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Lupus nephritis, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Dent disease, Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, Frasier syndrome, Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW; et al. (2003). "National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification". Ann Intern Med. 139 (2): 137–47. PMID 12859163‎ Check |pmid= value (help).
  2. ↑ U.S. Renal Data System, 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Chronic_renal_failure_causes&oldid=1267927"