Dyspepsia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Life threatening causes of dyspepsia include congestive heart failure and coronary disease. Other common causes of dyspepsia include gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, lactose intolerance, and peptic ulcer.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Congestive heart failure
• Coronary disease

Common Causes

• Aerophagia
• Anxiety
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Gastritis
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Lactose intolerance
• Peptic ulcer

Causes by Organ system

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure, coronary disease, hypercalcaemia, ischemic bowel disease
Chemical / poisoning	Aluminium hydroxide, amanita phalloides, smoking, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, iron, potassium
Dermatologic	Herpes simplex
Drug Side Effect	4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, acarbose, acetylsalicylic acid, achalasia, achillea millefolium, adefovir, alendronate, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, alvimopan, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amlodipine and Benazepril, ampicillin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, aprotinin, artemether and lumefantrin, asenapine maleate, aspirin, atazanavir, bezafibrate, biguanide, bisphosphonates, buprenorphine, calcium channel blockers, caspofungin acetate, cefadroxil, cefixime, cholestyramine, cholestyramine resin, cidofovir, codeine , colchicine, collinsonia canadensis, colofac, corticosteroids, coptis, daptomycin, diflunisal, digitalis, digoxin, donepezil, dopamine agonist, duloxetine, efavirenz, eflornithine, eletriptan, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, epoetin alfa injection, eribulin, erythromycin, estrogen, ethosuximide, febuxostat, fentanyl skin patches, fesoterodine, fibrates, fluoxetine, fluticasone, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, frovatriptan, gemfibrozil, glucocorticoids, H2 antagonist, heroin, iberogast, ibuprofen, imatinib, indomethacin, infliximab, interferon beta-1b injection, interferon gamma, ketorolac, lacosamide, levalbuterol, levodopa, lithium, lovaza, macrolides, meloxicam, meropenem, meropenem injection, metformin, methocarbamol, methylprednisolone, methylxanthin, metronidazole , misoprostol, monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors, mosapride, nabilone, nabumetone, nalbuphine, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, narcotics, niacin, nicotine polacrilex, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, omeprazole, opioids, oprelvekin, oral contraceptives, orlistat, oxcarbazepine, oxycodone, oxycodone and aspirin, PDE5 inhibitor, pentamidine Isethionate, pergolide, pirfenidone, potassium supplements, pramlintide injection, prednisone, proton pump inhibitor, quazepam, quetiapine, quinidine, rasagiline, rimabotulinumtoxinb, rivastigmine, sertraline, sildenafil, simvastatin, sorafenib, steroid medications,strongyloides, sunitinib, tadalafil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tetracycline, thalidomide, theophylline, thyroid medicines, tiotropium Oral inhalation), tobacco, tolmetin, topiramate, travoprost, triamcinolone acetonidevaldecoxib, valproic acid, venlafaxine, vigabatrin, vilazodone, vortioxetine, zolmitriptan, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat	Thyroglossal cyst
Endocrine	Adrenal fatigue, carcinoid syndrome, diabetes mellitus, estrogens, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, overeating, parathyroid disorders, primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid disease, thyroglossal cyst
Environmental	Multiple chemical sensitivity
Gastroenterologic	Achlorhydria, aerophagia, acid reflux, acute viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, aerophagy, amebic dysentery, ascites, biliary disease, biliary pain, burping, carbohydrate malabsorption, carcinoid syndrome, celiac artery compression syndromee, celiac disease, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis,chronic abdominal wall pain, chronic gastritis, chronic hepatitis, chronic intestinal ischemia, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis of liver, colon cancer,constipation, crohn's disease, delayed gastric emptying, Diarrhea,duodenal cancer, duodenal lymphoma, duodenal polyps, duodenal ulcer, duodenal webs, duodenitis, esophageal carcinoma, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophageal disease, esophageal spasm, esophagitis, functional bowel disorder, gallstones, gastric cancer, gastroenteritis, gastric lymphoma, gastric motility disorder, gastric ulcer, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal neoplasm, gastroparesis,gastrointestinal zygomycosis, giardiasis, helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis, hepatitis c, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, hiatus hernia, hypertrophic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal motility disorder, intestinal obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic bowel disease, lactose intolerance, malabsorption, Ménétriér's disease, non-ulcer dyspepsia, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, peptic ulcers, Rome process, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, Stomach cancer, Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, tropical sprue, ulcerative colitis, visceroptosis
Genetic	Celiac disease, connective tissue disease, Gulf War syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Hematologic	Chlorosis, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
Iatrogenic	Acute gastric dilation, after gastrointestinal surgery, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, multiple chemical sensitivity, SSRI discontinuation syndrome
Infectious Disease	Acute viral hepatitis, amebic dysentery, chronic gastritis, fascioliasis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal mucormycosis, giardiasis, H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis, hepatitis C, herpes simplex, hookworm, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis, syphilis, trichinosis, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Autonomic neuropathy, Gulf War syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Bitter melon Brat diet, capsicum annuum, chocolate, cyclooxygenase, eating high-fiber foods, food allergy, food intolerance, garlic, ginger, gluten allergy, high-fat diet, hydrogen potassium atpase, indian gooseberry, lactose intolerance, niacin, obesity, oranges, overeating, radish, s-adenosyl methionine, spicy foods, suillus luteus tomatoes, tropical sprue, vitamin C
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Estrogens, Herpes simplex, oral contraceptives, ovarian cancer, pregnancy
Oncologic	Abdominal cancer, Cancer, carcinoid syndrome, colon cancer, duodenal cancer, duodenal lymphoma, esophageal cancer, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, gastrointestinal neoplasm, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol, excess caffeine consumption, hangover, heroin, narcotics, opioids
Psychiatric	Alexithymia, anxiety, Charles Darwin's illness, depression, diabulimia, fasting girls, overeating, stress, trichophagia
Pulmonary	Sarcoidosis, smoking, tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Chronic renal disease, hypercalcaemia, hyperkalemia, malabsorption, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Gluten allergy, Gulf War syndrome, oral allergy syndrome, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis
Sexual	Herpes simplex, syphilis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Collinsonia canadensis, coptis, couvade, mint, strychnine tree, vinca

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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