Amenorrhea causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Amenorrhea}}
{{Amenorrhea}}


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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{KS}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent [[disability]] within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of delayed [[puberty]], however complications resulting from untreated delayed [[puberty]] are common.


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Line 18: Line 16:
* [[Stress]]
* [[Stress]]
* [[Turner syndrome]]
* [[Turner syndrome]]
* Excessive [[exercise]]
* [[Dieting]]
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
===Less Common Causes===
* [[Genetic disorder]]
** Congenital [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone]] deficiency
** [[GnRH]] receptor [[gene]] mutations
** [[Prader-Willi syndrome]]
** Congenital [[Thymus|thymic]] [[aplasia]]
** [[Fragile X syndrome]]
** Idiopathic accelerated [[ovarian]] [[follicular atresia]]
* Infiltrative disorders of the [[hypothalamus]]
** [[Langerhans cell granulomatosis]]
** [[Lymphoma]]
** [[Sarcoidosis]]
** [[TB|Tuberculosis (TB)]]
* [[Irradiation]] to the [[hypothalamus]]
* [[Traumatic brain injury]]
* [[Tumors]] of the [[hypothalamus]]
* [[Cachexia]]
* Chronic disorders
** [[Crohn disease]]
** [[Cystic fibrosis]]
** [[Sickle cell disease]]
** [[Thalassemia major]]
* [[Drug abuse]]
** [[Alcohol]]
** [[Cocaine]]
** [[Marijuana]]
** [[Opioids]]
* [[Eating disorders]]
** [[Anorexia nervosa]]
** [[Bulimia]]
* [[HIV infection]]
* [[Immunodeficiency]]
* [[Psychiatric disorders]]
** [[Stress]]
** [[Depression]]
** [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]
** [[Schizophrenia]]
** [[Psychoactive drugs]]
* [[Malnutrition]]
* [[Aneurysms]] of the [[pituitary]]
* [[Hyperprolactinemia]]
* [[Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]]
* Infiltrative disorders of the [[pituitary]]
** [[Hemochromatosis]]
** [[Langerhans cell granulomatosis]]
** [[Sarcoidosis]]
** [[TB]]
* Isolated [[gonadotropin]] deficiency
* [[Kallmann syndrome]]
* [[Sheehan's syndrome|Postpartum pituitary necrosis (Sheehan syndrome)]]
* [[Tumors]] of the [[brain]]
** [[Meningioma]]
** [[Craniopharyngioma]]
** [[Gliomas]]
* [[Pituitary microadenoma]]
* [[Autoimmune disorders]]
** [[Autoimmune]] [[oophoritis]] (in [[myasthenia gravis]], [[thyroiditis]], or [[vitiligo]])
* [[Chemotherapy]] (eg, high-dose [[Alkylating agent|alkylating drugs]])
* [[Gonadal dysgenesis]]
* [[Irradiation]] to the [[pelvis]]
* [[Metabolic disorders]]
** [[Addison disease]]
** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
** [[Galactosemia]]
* [[Viral infections]] ([[mumps]])
* [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]] ([[testicular feminization]])
* Congenital [[adrenal]] [[virilism]]
* [[Cushing syndrome]]
* Drug-induced [[virilization]]
** [[Androgens]]
** [[Antidepressants]]
** [[Danazol]]
** High-dose [[progestins]]
* [[True hermaphroditism]]
* Tumors producing [[androgens]] ([[ovarian]] or [[adrenal]])
* [[Gestational trophoblastic disease]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===


{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
{| style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Haemosiderosis]], [[heart disease]]  
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Haemosiderosis|Hamosiderosis]], [[heart disease]]  
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcoholism]], [[Alcohol poisoning|chronic alcohol poisoning]], [[Lead poisoning|chronic lead poisoning]], [[Mercury poisoning|chronic mercury poisoning]], [[morphine|chronic morphine poisoning]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Alcoholism]], [[Alcohol poisoning|Alcohol poisoning]], [[Lead poisoning|Lead poisoning]], [[Mercury poisoning|Mercury poisoning]], [[morphine|Morphine poisoning]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Antidepressants]], [[antipsychotics]], [[chemotherapy]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[epirubicin]], [[ethanol]], [[fluoxymesterone]], [[metoclopramide]], [[nandrolone]], [[spironolactone]], [[stanozolol]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Antidepressants]], [[antipsychotics]], [[chemotherapy]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[epirubicin]], [[ethanol]], [[fluoxymesterone]], [[medroxyprogesterone acetate|Medroxy-progesterone acetate]], [[metoclopramide]], [[nandrolone]], [[spironolactone]], [[stanozolol]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ Acromegaly]], [[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]], [[Achard-Thiers syndrome]], [[addison's disease]], [[Adrenal cortex cancer|adrenal cortex tumours]], [[adrenal gland disorders]], [[adrenocortical hyperplasia]], Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome, [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[anovulation]], [[Hypopituitarism|anterior pituitary failure]], [[arrhenoblastoma]], [[autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[breastfeeding]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Chiari-Frommel syndrome]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia ]], [[conn syndrome]], [[constitutional delay of puberty]], [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst ]], [[cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[cretinism]], [[cushing's disease]], [[cushing syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus ]], [[dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[eating disorders]], [[empty sella syndrome]], [[Androgen|exogenous androgen use]], [[Female athlete triad|Female athlete syndrome]], [[Forbes-Albright syndrome]], [[Frohlich's syndrome]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|fsh receptor deficiency]], [[Galactorrhea|galactorrhea ]], [[Galactorrhea|galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia]], [[GnRH|gnrh deficiency]], [[hyperprolactinaemia]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypogonadism]], [[hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[incomplete androgen insensitivity]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laron syndrome ]], [[Virilization|masculinization disorders]],[[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[medroxyprogesterone acetate]],[[menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|mullerian aplasia.]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis|mullerian dysgenesis]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ]], [[myxoedema]], [[obesity]], [[ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|ovarian insufficiency due to fsh resistance ]], [[ovarian insufficiency, familial]], [[panhypopituitarism ]], [[Menopause|perimenopause ]], [[pituitary apoplexy]], [[Laron syndrome|pituitary dwarfism]], [[pituitary infarct]], [[pituitary tumour]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]],[[premature ovarian failure]], [[prolactinoma]], pseudoamenorrhea, [[pseudocyesis]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Simmonds' disease|Simmond's disease]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[testicular feminization syndrome]], [[testosterone]], [[thyrotoxicosis]], [[underweight]], [[vanishing testes syndrome]], [[weight gain]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Xy female]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[ Acromegaly]], [[5-alpha-reductase deficiency]], [[Achard-Thiers syndrome]], [[addison's disease]], [[Adrenal cortex cancer|Adrenal cortex tumours]], [[adrenal gland disorders]], [[adrenocortical hyperplasia]], Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome, [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[anovulation]], [[Hypopituitarism|Anterior pituitary failure]], [[arrhenoblastoma]], [[autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[breastfeeding]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Chiari-Frommel syndrome]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia ]] , Conn syndrome, [[constitutional delay of puberty]], [[Corpus luteum|Corpus luteum cyst]] , [[cortisone reductase deficiency]], [[cretinism]], [[cushing's disease]], [[cushing syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus ]] , [[dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[eating disorders]], [[empty sella syndrome]], [[Androgen|Exogenous androgen use]], [[Female athlete triad|Female athlete syndrome]], [[Forbes-Albright syndrome]], [[Frohlich's syndrome]], [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH receptor deficiency]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhea]], [[Galactorrhea|Galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia]], [[GnRH|GnRH deficiency]], [[hyperprolactinaemia]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypogonadism]], [[hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[incomplete androgen insensitivity]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laron syndrome ]], [[Virilization|Masculinization disorders]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|Mullerian aplasia]], [[Mullerian dysgenesis|Mullerian dysgenesis]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ]], [[myxoedema]], [[obesity]], [[ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance]] , [[ovarian insufficiency, familial|Familial ovarian insufficiency,]] [[panhypopituitarism ]], [[Menopause|Perimenopause]], [[pituitary apoplexy]], P[[Laron syndrome|ituitary dwarfism]], [[pituitary infarct]], [[pituitary tumour]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[premature ovarian failure]], [[prolactinoma]], Pseudoamenorrhea, [[pseudocyesis]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Simmonds' disease|Simmond's disease]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[testicular feminization syndrome]], [[testosterone]], [[thyrotoxicosis]], [[underweight]], [[weight gain]], [[Swyer's syndrome|XY female]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Climate change]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Climate change]]  


|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anorexia nervosa]],[[autoimmune hepatitis]],[[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]], [[celiac disease ]],[[ cystic fibrosis]],[[eating disorders]],[[haemosiderosis]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[ liver cirrhosis]],[[malabsorption syndrome]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[weight gain]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anorexia nervosa]],[[autoimmune hepatitis]],[[Bearn-Kunkel syndrome]], [[celiac disease ]] ,[[ cystic fibrosis]],[[eating disorders]],[[haemosiderosis]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[ liver cirrhosis]],[[malabsorption syndrome]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[weight gain]]  
   
   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]], [[Vaginal agenesis|agenesis of lower vagina]], [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[celiac disease]],[[Chromosome 15q trisomy|chromosome 15q duplication syndrome]],[[Chromosome 17p, partial deletion ]], [[cortisone reductase deficiency]],[[Swyer's syndrome|defect in sry gene]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Down's syndrome]], [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|Fgfr1 mutation]], [[galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]], [[gonadal dysgenesis]], [[KAL1 gene|Kal1 mutation]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure|ovarian insufficiency,familial]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome ]], [[Prokineticin receptor 2|prokr2 mutation]], [[tetrasomy X]], [[triple X syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]],[[vanishing testes syndrome]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Xy female]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[De Grouchy Syndrome|18p minus syndrome]], [[Vaginal agenesis|agenesis of lower vagina]], [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[C21-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[celiac disease]],[[Chromosome 15q trisomy|chromosome 15q duplication syndrome]],[[Chromosome 17p, partial deletion ]] , [[cortisone reductase deficiency]],[[Swyer's syndrome|defect in sry gene]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Down's syndrome]], [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1|Fgfr1 mutation]], [[galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]], [[gonadal dysgenesis]], [[KAL1 gene|Kal1 mutation]], [[Kallmann syndrome]], [[Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[Premature ovarian failure|ovarian insufficiency,familial]], [[Prader-Willi syndrome ]] , [[Prokineticin receptor 2|prokr2 mutation]], [[tetrasomy X]], [[triple X syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]],[[vanishing testes syndrome]], [[Werner syndrome]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Xy female]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anemia]], [[haemosiderosis]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[leukemia]]   
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anemia]], [[haemosiderosis]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[leukemia]]   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Mumps]], [[tuberculosis]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Mumps]], [[tuberculosis]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Brain tumor]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[empty sella syndrome]], [[frohlich's syndrome]], [[glioma]], [[hypothalamic tumor]], [[meningioma]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], [[traumatic brain injury]]   
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Brain tumor]], [[craniopharyngioma]], [[dystrophia adipose-genitalis]], [[empty sella syndrome]], [[frohlich's syndrome]], [[glioma]], [[hypothalamic tumor]], [[meningioma]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], [[traumatic brain injury]]   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Diet (nutrition)|Dietetic deficiency]],[[galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]],[[Underweight|low weight]],[[malabsorption syndrome]], [[malnutrition]], [[obesity]], [[proprotein convertase|proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[underweight]], [[Vitamin A|vitamin A embryopathy]], [[weight gain]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Diet (nutrition)|Dietetic deficiency]],[[galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]],[[Underweight|low weight]],[[malabsorption syndrome]], [[malnutrition]], [[obesity]], [[proprotein convertase|proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency]], [[rapid weight loss]], [[underweight]], [[Vitamin A|vitamin A embryopathy]], [[weight gain]]  


|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anovulation]], [[asherman syndrome]], [[autoimmune hepatitis ]], [[Oophoritis|autoimmune oophoritis]], [[cervical closure]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]],[[Dilation and curettage (patient information)|complications from d&c procedure]], [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst ]], [[Swyer's syndrome|defect in sry gene]], [[ectopic pregnancy]], [[Asherman's syndrome|Endometrial scarring]],[[Follicle-stimulating hormone|fsh receptor deficiency]], [[germinoma]], [[Granulosa cell tumor|granulosa-cell tumor]], [[hematocolpos]], [[hematometra]], [[hematosalpinx]], [[hydatidiform mole]], [[hypogonadism]], [[hysterectomy]], [[imperforate hymen]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|mullerian aplasia]], [[mullerian dysgenesis]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|ovarian insufficiency due to fsh resistance ]], [[ovarian insufficiency, familial ]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], [[ovary damage]], [[Menopause|perimenopause ]], [[polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[pregnancy]], [[premature ovarian failure]], [[pseudoamenorrhea]], [[pseudocyesis]], [[Reproduction|reproductive disorders]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[Tubal ligation|tubal ligation syndrome]], [[mullerian agenesis|uterine aplasia]], [[vaginal agenesis]], [[Vaginal atresia|vaginal closure]], [[vaginal septum ]], [[Ovarian cancer|virilizing ovarian tumor]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Xy female]]   
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anovulation]], [[asherman syndrome]], [[autoimmune hepatitis ]] , [[Oophoritis|autoimmune oophoritis]], [[cervical closure]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]],[[Dilation and curettage (patient information)|complications from d&c procedure]], [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst]] , [[Swyer's syndrome|defect in sry gene]], [[ectopic pregnancy]], [[Asherman's syndrome|Endometrial scarring]],[[Follicle-stimulating hormone|fsh receptor deficiency]], [[germinoma]], [[Granulosa cell tumor|granulosa-cell tumor]], [[hematocolpos]], [[hematometra]], [[hematosalpinx]], [[hydatidiform mole]], [[hypogonadism]], [[hysterectomy]], [[imperforate hymen]], [[Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome|Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome]], [[menopause]], [[Mullerian agenesis|mullerian aplasia]], [[mullerian dysgenesis]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[ovarian failure]], [[Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance|ovarian insufficiency due to fsh resistance]] , [[ovarian insufficiency, familial ]] , [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], [[ovary damage]], [[Menopause|perimenopause]] , [[polycystic ovary syndrome]], [[pregnancy]], [[premature ovarian failure]], [[pseudoamenorrhea]], [[pseudocyesis]], [[Reproduction|reproductive disorders]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], [[Stein-Leventhal syndrome]], [[Tubal ligation|tubal ligation syndrome]], [[mullerian agenesis|uterine aplasia]], [[vaginal agenesis]], [[Vaginal atresia|vaginal closure]], [[vaginal septum ]] , [[Ovarian cancer|virilizing ovarian tumor]], [[Swyer's syndrome|Xy female]]   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Granulosa cell tumor]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[hypothalamic tumor]],[[leukemia]], [[meningioma]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[prolactinoma]], [[Ovarian cancer|virilizing ovarian tumor]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Granulosa cell tumor]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[hypothalamic tumor]],[[leukemia]], [[meningioma]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[prolactinoma]], [[Ovarian cancer|virilizing ovarian tumor]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcoholism]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[anxiety]], [[bulimia]], [[depression]], [[eating disorders]], [[Emotion|emotional turmoil]], [[Physical exercise|excessive exercise]],  [[Female athlete triad|female athlete syndrome]], [[grief]], [[insanity]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], primary affective disorder, [[stress]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Alcoholism]], [[anorexia nervosa]], [[anxiety]], [[bulimia]], [[depression]], [[eating disorders]], [[Emotion|emotional turmoil]], [[Physical exercise|excessive exercise]],  [[Female athlete triad|female athlete syndrome]], [[grief]], [[insanity]], [[Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter|ovarioleukodystrophy]], primary affective disorder, [[stress]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cystic fibrosis]], [[tuberculosis]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Cystic fibrosis]], [[tuberculosis]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic renal failure]], [[Denys-Drash syndrome]], [[hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]], [[nephritis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]   
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Chronic renal failure]], [[Denys-Drash syndrome]], [[hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]], [[nephritis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[autoimmune hepatitis ]], [[Oophoritis|autoimmune oophoritis]], [[celiac disease]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[autoimmune hepatitis ]] , [[Oophoritis|autoimmune oophoritis]], [[celiac disease]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Frasier syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Frasier syndrome]]
   
   
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Irradiation|Cranial irradiation]], [[Illness|chronic illness]], [[radiotherapy]]  
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Irradiation|Cranial irradiation]], [[Illness|chronic illness]], [[radiotherapy]]  
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 16:19, 22 September 2017

Amenorrhea Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of amenorrhea include breastfeeding, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of delayed puberty, however complications resulting from untreated delayed puberty are common.

Common Causes

Less Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Hamosiderosis, heart disease
Chemical/Poisoning Alcoholism, Alcohol poisoning, Lead poisoning, Mercury poisoning, Morphine poisoning
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect Antidepressants, antipsychotics, chemotherapy, combined oral contraceptive pill, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, ethanol, fluoxymesterone, Medroxy-progesterone acetate, metoclopramide, nandrolone, spironolactone, stanozolol
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, Achard-Thiers syndrome, addison's disease, Adrenal cortex tumours, adrenal gland disorders, adrenocortical hyperplasia, Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, anorexia nervosa, anovulation, Anterior pituitary failure, arrhenoblastoma, autoimmune adrenalitis, breastfeeding, C21-hydroxylase deficiency, Chiari-Frommel syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia , Conn syndrome, constitutional delay of puberty, Corpus luteum cyst , cortisone reductase deficiency, cretinism, cushing's disease, cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus , dystrophia adipose-genitalis, eating disorders, empty sella syndrome, Exogenous androgen use, Female athlete syndrome, Forbes-Albright syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, FSH receptor deficiency, Galactorrhea, Galactorrhoea-hyperprolactinaemia, GnRH deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, incomplete androgen insensitivity, Kallmann syndrome, Laron syndrome , Masculinization disorders, Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome, menopause, Mullerian aplasia, Mullerian dysgenesis, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 , myxoedema, obesity, ovarian failure, Ovarian insufficiency due to FSH resistance , Familial ovarian insufficiency, panhypopituitarism , Perimenopause, pituitary apoplexy, Pituitary dwarfism, pituitary infarct, pituitary tumour, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, prolactinoma, Pseudoamenorrhea, pseudocyesis, rapid weight loss, Sheehan syndrome, Simmond's disease, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, testicular feminization syndrome, testosterone, thyrotoxicosis, underweight, weight gain, XY female
Environmental Climate change
Gastroenterologic Anorexia nervosa,autoimmune hepatitis,Bearn-Kunkel syndrome, celiac disease ,cystic fibrosis,eating disorders,haemosiderosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis,malabsorption syndrome, rapid weight loss, weight gain
Genetic 18p minus syndrome, agenesis of lower vagina, androgen insensitivity syndrome, C21-hydroxylase deficiency, celiac disease,chromosome 15q duplication syndrome,Chromosome 17p, partial deletion , cortisone reductase deficiency,defect in sry gene, cystic fibrosis, Down's syndrome, Fgfr1 mutation, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency, gonadal dysgenesis, Kal1 mutation, Kallmann syndrome, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome, ovarian insufficiency,familial, Prader-Willi syndrome , prokr2 mutation, tetrasomy X, triple X syndrome, Turner syndrome,vanishing testes syndrome, Werner syndrome, Xy female
Hematologic Anemia, haemosiderosis, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Mumps, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Brain tumor, craniopharyngioma, dystrophia adipose-genitalis, empty sella syndrome, frohlich's syndrome, glioma, hypothalamic tumor, meningioma, ovarioleukodystrophy, traumatic brain injury
Nutritional/Metabolic Dietetic deficiency,galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency,low weight,malabsorption syndrome, malnutrition, obesity, proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency, rapid weight loss, underweight, vitamin A embryopathy, weight gain
Obstetric/Gynecologic Anovulation, asherman syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis , autoimmune oophoritis, cervical closure, combined oral contraceptive pill,complications from d&c procedure, corpus luteum cyst , defect in sry gene, ectopic pregnancy, Endometrial scarring,fsh receptor deficiency, germinoma, granulosa-cell tumor, hematocolpos, hematometra, hematosalpinx, hydatidiform mole, hypogonadism, hysterectomy, imperforate hymen, Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome, menopause, mullerian aplasia, mullerian dysgenesis, ovarian cancer, ovarian failure, ovarian insufficiency due to fsh resistance , ovarian insufficiency, familial , ovarioleukodystrophy, ovary damage, perimenopause , polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy, premature ovarian failure, pseudoamenorrhea, pseudocyesis, reproductive disorders, Sheehan syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, tubal ligation syndrome, uterine aplasia, vaginal agenesis, vaginal closure, vaginal septum , virilizing ovarian tumor, Xy female
Oncologic Granulosa cell tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, hypothalamic tumor,leukemia, meningioma, ovarian cancer, prolactinoma, virilizing ovarian tumor
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, bulimia, depression, eating disorders, emotional turmoil, excessive exercise, female athlete syndrome, grief, insanity, ovarioleukodystrophy, primary affective disorder, stress
Pulmonary Cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, Denys-Drash syndrome, hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune adrenalitis, autoimmune hepatitis , autoimmune oophoritis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Frasier syndrome
Miscellaneous Cranial irradiation, chronic illness, radiotherapy

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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3

Causes of Amenorrhea Based on Classification

Primary Amenorrhea[5] [6]

Secondary Amenorrhea

References

  1. ↑ Abed J, Judeh H, Abed E, Kim M, Arabelo H, Gurunathan R (2014). ""Fixing a heart": the game of electrolytes in anorexia nervosa". Nutr J. 13: 90. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-90. PMC 4168120. PMID 25192814.
  2. ↑ Andersen AE, Ryan GL (2009). "Eating disorders in the obstetric and gynecologic patient population". Obstet Gynecol. 114 (6): 1353–67. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c070f9. PMID 19935043.
  3. ↑ Shaikh NB, Shaikh S, Shaikh F (2014). "A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 26 (2): 178–81. PMID 25603672.
  4. ↑ Hobart JA, Smucker DR (2000). "The female athlete triad". Am Fam Physician. 61 (11): 3357–64, 3367. PMID 10865930.
  5. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  6. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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