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Revision as of 19:23, 20 July 2017

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

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Medical Therapy

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone causes

Common causes

Less common causes

Causes:

  1. Intracranial:
    • Tumor
    • meningitis
    • encephalitis
    • abscess
    • vasculitis
    • subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • subdural hemorrhage
    • traumatic brain injury
  2. Drugs :
  • amiodarone
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • bromocriptine
  • quinolones
  • chlorpropamide
  • carbamazapine
  • cyclophosphamide
  • cisplatin
  • SSRI
  • vincristine
  • vinblastine
  • thioridazine
  • thiothixene
  • haloperidol
  • MAOI
  • melphalan
  • methotrexate
  • opiates
  • NSAID
  • IFN-alpha
  • IFN-gamma
  • clofibrate
  • oxytocin
  • hydrochlorthiazide
  • desmopressin
  • neuroleptic agents
  • prostaglandins
  • phenothiazines
  • 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamines
  • leveteiracetam
  1. Pulmonary disease: particularly pneumonia (leigonella ,mycoplasma, tuberculosis),abscess,vasculitis.
  2. Malignancy:
  • small cell lung cancer
  • pancreatic
  • genitourinary
  • gastrointestinal
  • mesothelioma
  • lymphoma
  • sarcoma
  • Miscellaneous:
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Guillian barre syndrome
  • Acute intermittent porphyria
  • HIV
  • Idiopathic
  • surgery
  • hormone deficiency: hypopituitirarism,hypothyroidism

Overview

The most common cause of ectopic ADH secretion is cancer. Certain lung cancers, as well as some head and neck tumors, are the most common cancers that cause this problem. In rare cases, many other tumors may cause ectopic ADH secretion.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Mesothelioma
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Carbamazepine, Chlorpropamide, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Fluoxetine, Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors, Nicotine, Oxytocine, Pergolide, Phenothiazines, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants, Tolbutamide, Vasopressin, Vinblastine, Vincristine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Carcinoid,hypopituitarism,hypothyroidism
Environmental Mesothelioma
Gastroenterologic Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Pancreatic cancer
Genetic Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Hydrocephalus, Midline defects, Multiple sclerosis
Hematologic Thymoma
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease AIDS, Bacterial pneumonia, Brain abscess, Encephalitis, Lung abscess, Lung cavitation, Meningitis, Tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Ewing's sarcoma, Polyradiculitis
Neurologic Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Brain abscess, Carcinoid, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Delirium tremens, Encephalitis, Hydrocephalus, Meningitis, Multiple sclerosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Polyradiculitis, Stroke
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Ovarian cancer
Oncologic Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Lung carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Thymoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Delirium tremens
Psychiatric Phenothiazines, Psychosis
Pulmonary Asthma, Bacterial pneumonia, Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Lung abscess, Lung carcinoma, Lung cavitation, Mesothelioma, Pneumothorax, Tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Asthma
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Pneumothorax
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Positive pressure ventilation

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References


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