Lung mass classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2] Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Lung mass can be classified into malignant and benign. In addition, lung mass can be sub-classified according to location, imaging features, and distribution.

Classification

Lung mass can be classified by location, histopathological origin, and imaging features into the following types:

Lung mass

Location

Histology

Imaging Features

• Pleural • Endobronchial • Parenchymal

• Malignant mass • Benign mass

• Hyperdense pulmonary mass • Cavitating pulmonary mass

• The table below summarizes the classification of lung masses according to histopathological origin, and location.

Classification of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Mass
Lung mass (location)	Benign	Malignant
Endobronchial	Bronchial atresia Bronchial hamartoma Bronchogenic cysts Pulmonary bacterial abscess Bronchial anthracofibrosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis	Squamous dysplasia of lung Squamous cell lung carcinoma
Parenchymal	Granuloma Pulmonary hamartoma Pulmonary bacterial abscess Pulmonary infract septic Pulmonary emboli	Bronchogenic carcinoma Carcinoid tumors Pulmonary metastases Papillary thyroid carcinoma Giant cell tumor of bones Synovial sarcoma
Pleural	Pleural effusion Empyema Hemothorax Lipoma Splenosis Tuberculosis	Mesothelioma Metastasic pleural disease Invasive thymoma Pleural fibrosarcoma Pleural liposarcoma Primary pleural lymphoma Pleural synovial sarcoma

• The table below summarizes the classification of lung masses according to imaging features.

Imaging features of lung mass
Hyperdense pulmonary mass	Cavitating pulmonary mass
Granuloma (most common) Pulmonary hamartoma Bronchogenic carcinoma Carcinoid tumours Pulmonary metastases: Mucoid calcification of mucinous adenocarcinoma Breast carcinoma Gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma Dystrophic calcification: Papillary thyroid carcinoma Giant cell tumor of bone Synovial sarcoma Treated pulmonary metastases Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma	Cancer Bronchogenic carcinoma (most common) Squamous cell carcinoma Autoimmune Granulomas (Wegener's granulomatosis) Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid nodules Vascular Septic pulmonary embolus Infections (bacterial/fungal) Pulmonary abscess Pulmonary tuberculosis Trauma Pneumatocoeles Youth Congenital pulmonary airway malformation Pulmonary sequestration Bronchogenic cyst

References

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