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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Alpha-actin-2''' also known as '''actin, aortic smooth muscle''' or '''alpha smooth muscle actin''' (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTA2'' [[gene]] located on 10q22-q24.<ref name="entrez"/><ref name="pmid2398629">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ueyama H, Bruns G, Kanda N | title = Assignment of the vascular smooth muscle actin gene ACTSA to human chromosome 10 | journal = Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 145–50 |date=Oct 1990 | pmid = 2398629 | pmc = | doi =10.1007/BF01876459  }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different [[actin]] isoforms which have been identified.  Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in [[cell motility]], structure and integrity.  Alpha actins are a major constituent of the [[contractility|contractile]] apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, [[coronary artery disease]], [[stroke]], [[Moyamoya disease]], and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59| accessdate = }}</ref>
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  | image = PBB_Protein_ACTA2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1atn.
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| Name = Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
| HGNCid = 130
| Symbol = ACTA2
| AltSymbols =; ACTSA
| OMIM = 102620
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 48026
| MGIid = 87909
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ACTA2_200974_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005198 |text = structural molecule activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}}
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 59
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000107796
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001604
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001613
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 90684811
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 90741084
    | Hs_Uniprot = P62736
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11475
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000035783
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007392
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031418
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 34307088
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 34321333
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3U122
  }}
}}
'''Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta''', also known as '''ACTA2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of [[myofibroblast]] formation (Nagamoto et al., 2000).
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified.  Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity.  Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =  
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Snásel J, Pichová I |title=The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease. |journal=Folia Biol. (Praha) |volume=42 |issue= 5 |pages= 227-30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8997639 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Snásel J, Pichová I |title=The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease. |journal=Folia Biol. (Praha) |volume=42 |issue= 5 |pages= 227–30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8997639 |doi=  10.1007/BF02818986}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes. |journal=AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 291-5 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1540415 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P |title=HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes. |journal=AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses |volume=8 |issue= 2 |pages= 291–5 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1540415 |doi=10.1089/aid.1992.8.291 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Harris DE, Warshaw DM, Periasamy M |title=Nucleotide sequences of the rabbit alpha-smooth-muscle and beta-non-muscle actin mRNAs. |journal=Gene |volume=112 |issue= 2 |pages= 265-6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1555776 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Harris DE, Warshaw DM, Periasamy M |title=Nucleotide sequences of the rabbit alpha-smooth-muscle and beta-non-muscle actin mRNAs. |journal=Gene |volume=112 |issue= 2 |pages= 265–6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1555776 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(92)90388-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L, ''et al.'' |title=Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 22 |pages= 14548-53 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1907279 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L |title=Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 22 |pages= 14548–53 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1907279 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ, Chaponnier C, ''et al.'' |title=Smooth muscle alpha-actin is a marker for hair follicle dermis in vivo and in vitro. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=99 ( Pt 3) |issue=  |pages= 627-36 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1939373 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ, Chaponnier C |title=Smooth muscle alpha-actin is a marker for hair follicle dermis in vivo and in vitro. |journal=J. Cell Sci. |volume=99 |issue=  3|pages= 627–36 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1939373 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ueyama H, Ohsugi R |title=TaqI polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=18 |issue= 5 |pages= 1318 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1969628 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ueyama H, Ohsugi R |title=TaqI polymorphism in the 3′ flanking region of the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=18 |issue= 5 |pages= 1318 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1969628 |doi=10.1093/nar/18.5.1318  | pmc=330483 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E, ''et al.'' |title=Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=278 |issue= 2 |pages= 199-203 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1991513 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E |title=Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=278 |issue= 2 |pages= 199–203 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1991513 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nakano Y, Nishihara T, Sasayama S, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' upstream and first intron regions of the human smooth muscle (aortic type) alpha-actin-encoding gene. |journal=Gene |volume=99 |issue= 2 |pages= 285-9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2022339 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Nakano Y, Nishihara T, Sasayama S |title=Transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' upstream and first intron regions of the human smooth muscle (aortic type) alpha-actin-encoding gene |journal=Gene |volume=99 |issue= 2 |pages= 285–9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2022339 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(91)90140-7 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reddy S, Ozgur K, Lu M, ''et al.'' |title=Structure of the human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene. Analysis of a cDNA and 5' upstream region. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 3 |pages= 1683-7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2295650 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Reddy S, Ozgur K, Lu M |title=Structure of the human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene. Analysis of a cDNA and 5' upstream region |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 3 |pages= 1683–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2295650 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | author=Ueyama H, Bruns G, Kanda N |title=Assignment of the vascular smooth muscle actin gene ACTSA to human chromosome 10. |journal=Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi |volume=35 |issue= 2 |pages= 145-50 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2398629 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kamada S, Nakano Y, Kakunaga T |title=Structure of 3'-downstream segment of the human smooth muscle (aortic-type) alpha-actin-encoding gene and isolation of the specific DNA probe |journal=Gene |volume=84 |issue= 2 |pages= 455–62 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2612915 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(89)90520-9 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kamada S, Nakano Y, Kakunaga T |title=Structure of 3'-downstream segment of the human smooth muscle (aortic-type) alpha-actin-encoding gene and isolation of the specific DNA probe. |journal=Gene |volume=84 |issue= 2 |pages= 455-62 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2612915 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kamada S, Kakunaga T |title=The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle alpha-actin (aortic type) cDNA |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages= 1767 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2701935 |doi=10.1093/nar/17.4.1767  | pmc=331843 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kamada S, Kakunaga T |title=The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle alpha-actin (aortic type) cDNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages= 1767 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2701935 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kedes L, Ng SY, Lin CS |title=The human beta-actin multigene family |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=98 |issue=  |pages= 42–6 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3842206 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kedes L, Ng SY, Lin CS, ''et al.'' |title=The human beta-actin multigene family. |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=98 |issue=  |pages= 42-6 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3842206 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ueyama H, Hamada H, Battula N, Kakunaga T |title=Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 1073–8 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6330528 |doi= | pmc=368875 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ueyama H, Hamada H, Battula N, Kakunaga T |title=Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 1073-8 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6330528 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strauch AR, Rubenstein PA |title=A vascular smooth muscle alpha-isoactin biosynthetic intermediate in BC3H1 cells. Identification of acetylcysteine at the NH2 terminus |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=259 |issue= 11 |pages= 7224–9 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6725286 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strauch AR, Rubenstein PA |title=A vascular smooth muscle alpha-isoactin biosynthetic intermediate in BC3H1 cells. Identification of acetylcysteine at the NH2 terminus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=259 |issue= 11 |pages= 7224-9 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6725286 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Ariyama T |title=Reexamination of chromosomal loci of human muscle actin genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization |journal=Jpn. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 145–8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7780165 |doi=10.1007/BF01874078 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Ariyama T, ''et al.'' |title=Reexamination of chromosomal loci of human muscle actin genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Jpn. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 145-8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7780165 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Arora PD, McCulloch CA |title=Dependence of collagen remodelling on alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=159 |issue= 1 |pages= 161–75 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8138584 |doi= 10.1002/jcp.1041590120 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Arora PD, McCulloch CA |title=Dependence of collagen remodelling on alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=159 |issue= 1 |pages= 161-75 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8138584 |doi= 10.1002/jcp.1041590120 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Iwata Y, Pan Y, Yoshida T |title=Alpha1-syntrophin has distinct binding sites for actin and calmodulin |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=423 |issue= 2 |pages= 173–7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9512352 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00085-4 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Iwata Y, Pan Y, Yoshida T, ''et al.'' |title=Alpha1-syntrophin has distinct binding sites for actin and calmodulin. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=423 |issue= 2 |pages= 173-7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9512352 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Comer KA, Dennis PA, Armstrong L |title=Human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein |journal=Oncogene |volume=16 |issue= 10 |pages= 1299–308 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9546431 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201645 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Comer KA, Dennis PA, Armstrong L, ''et al.'' |title=Human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. |journal=Oncogene |volume=16 |issue= 10 |pages= 1299-308 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9546431 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201645 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
==External links==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=taa  GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissections]
* {{UCSC gene info|ACTA2}}
 
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=59}}
{{Cytoskeletal Proteins}}
 
[[Category:Human proteins]]
 
 
{{gene-10-stub}}

Revision as of 17:33, 17 November 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Alpha-actin-2 also known as actin, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24.[1][2]

Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, Moyamoya disease, and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.[1]

Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of myofibroblast formation (Nagamoto et al., 2000).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta".
  2. ↑ Ueyama H, Bruns G, Kanda N (Oct 1990). "Assignment of the vascular smooth muscle actin gene ACTSA to human chromosome 10". Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi. 35 (2): 145–50. doi:10.1007/BF01876459. PMID 2398629.

Further reading

External links


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