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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK9'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8001819">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, Sluss HK, Dérijard B, Moore G, Davis R, Karin M | title = JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 8 | issue = 24 | pages = 2996–3007 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 8001819 | pmc = | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.24.2996 }}</ref>
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| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
| HGNCid = 6886
| Symbol = MAPK9
| AltSymbols =; JNK-55; JNK2; JNK2A; JNK2ALPHA; JNK2B; JNK2BETA; PRKM9; p54aSAPK
| OMIM = 602896
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 55685
| MGIid = 1346862
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MAPK9_203218_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_MAPK9_210570_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004705 |text = JUN kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004707 |text = MAP kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007254 |text = JNK cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5601
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000050748
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002743
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002752
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 179595388
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 179640218
    | Hs_Uniprot = P45984
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 26420
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020366
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016961
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_058657
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 49690177
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 49729834
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q5NCK7
  }}
}}
'''Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9''', also known as '''MAPK9''', is a human [[gene]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5601| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5601| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[Grb2]],<ref name = pmid9019171>{{cite journal | vauthors = Saleem A, Datta R, Yuan ZM, Kharbanda S, Kufe D | title = Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents | journal = Cell Growth & Differentiation | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 1651–8 | date = Dec 1995 | pmid = 9019171 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name = pmid7642542>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kharbanda S, Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J | title = Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 270 | issue = 32 | pages = 18871–4 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7642542 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871 }}</ref>
* [[MAPK8IP1]],<ref name = pmid10490659/><ref name = pmid9733513>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis RJ | title = A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation | journal = Science | volume = 281 | issue = 5383 | pages = 1671–4 | date = Sep 1998 | pmid = 9733513 | doi = 10.1126/science.281.5383.1671 }}</ref>
* [[MAPK8IP2]],<ref name = pmid10490659>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yasuda J, Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Sharma M, Davis RJ | title = The JIP group of mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold proteins | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | pages = 7245–54 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10490659 | pmc = 84717 | doi =  10.1128/mcb.19.10.7245}}</ref>
* [[MAPK8IP3]]<ref name = pmid10523642>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito M, Yoshioka K, Akechi M, Yamashita S, Takamatsu N, Sugiyama K, Hibi M, Nakabeppu Y, Shiba T, Yamamoto KI | title = JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 11 | pages = 7539–48 | date = Nov 1999 | pmid = 10523642 | pmc = 84763 | doi =  10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539}}</ref><ref name = pmid10629060>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kelkar N, Gupta S, Dickens M, Davis RJ | title = Interaction of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling module with the neuronal protein JIP3 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 1030–43 | date = Feb 2000 | pmid = 10629060 | pmc = 85220 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.20.3.1030-1043.2000 }}</ref>
* [[P53]],<ref name = pmid9393873>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP | title = JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases | journal = Oncogene | volume = 15 | issue = 19 | pages = 2277–87 | date = Nov 1997 | pmid = 9393873 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201401 }}</ref><ref name = pmid12384512>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin Y, Khokhlatchev A, Figeys D, Avruch J | title = Death-associated protein 4 binds MST1 and augments MST1-induced apoptosis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 50 | pages = 47991–8001 | date = Dec 2002 | pmid = 12384512 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M202630200 }}</ref>  and
* [[TOB1]].<ref name = pmid12151396>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maekawa M, Nishida E, Tanoue T | title = Identification of the Anti-proliferative protein Tob as a MAPK substrate | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 40 | pages = 37783–7 | date = Oct 2002 | pmid = 12151396 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M204506200 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Davis RJ | title = Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases | journal = Cell | volume = 103 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–52 | date = Oct 2000 | pmid = 11057897 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Freedman BD, Liu QH, Del Corno M, Collman RG | title = HIV-1 gp120 chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in human macrophages | journal = Immunologic Research | volume = 27 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 261–76 | year = 2004 | pmid = 12857973 | doi = 10.1385/IR:27:2-3:261 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Davis RJ |title=Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. |journal=Cell |volume=103 |issue= 2 |pages= 239-52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11057897 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B, Yi Y, Freedman BD, Collman RG | title = Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways | journal = Journal of Leukocyte Biology | volume = 74 | issue = 5 | pages = 676–82 | date = Nov 2003 | pmid = 12960231 | doi = 10.1189/jlb.0503206 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Freedman BD, Liu QH, Del Corno M, Collman RG |title=HIV-1 gp120 chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in human macrophages. |journal=Immunol. Res. |volume=27 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 261-76 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12857973 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Denys H, Desmet R, Stragier M, Vergison R, Lemahieu SF | title = Cystitis emphysematosa | journal = Acta Urologica Belgica | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–31 | year = 1978 | pmid = 602896 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B, ''et al.'' |title=Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=74 |issue= 5 |pages= 676-82 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12960231 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0503206 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dawson SJ, White LA | title = Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin | journal = The Journal of Infection | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 317–20 | date = May 1992 | pmid = 1602151 | doi = 10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Denys H, Desmet R, Stragier M, ''et al.'' |title=Cystitis emphysematosa. |journal=Acta urologica Belgica |volume=45 |issue= 4 |pages= 327-31 |year= 1978 |pmid= 602896 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Livingstone C, Patel G, Jones N | title = ATF-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 1785–97 | date = Apr 1995 | pmid = 7737129 | pmc = 398272 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dawson SJ, White LA |title=Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin. |journal=J. Infect. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 317-20 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1602151 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sluss HK, Barrett T, Dérijard B, Davis RJ | title = Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor mediated by JNK protein kinases | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 12 | pages = 8376–84 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7969172 | pmc = 359376 | doi =  10.1128/mcb.14.12.8376}}
*{{cite journal | author=Livingstone C, Patel G, Jones N |title=ATF-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=14 |issue= 8 |pages= 1785-97 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7737129 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gille H, Strahl T, Shaw PE | title = Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases | journal = Current Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = 1191–200 | date = Oct 1995 | pmid = 8548291 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00235-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sluss HK, Barrett T, Dérijard B, Davis RJ |title=Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor mediated by JNK protein kinases. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 12 |pages= 8376-84 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7969172 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chu Y, Solski PA, Khosravi-Far R, Der CJ, Kelly K | title = The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 11 | pages = 6497–501 | date = Mar 1996 | pmid = 8626452 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.11.6497 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, ''et al.'' |title=JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=8 |issue= 24 |pages= 2996-3007 |year= 1995 |pmid= 8001819 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bocco JL, Bahr A, Goetz J, Hauss C, Kallunki T, Kedinger C, Chatton B | title = In vivo association of ATFa with JNK/SAP kinase activities | journal = Oncogene | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 1971–80 | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8649858 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gille H, Strahl T, Shaw PE |title=Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 10 |pages= 1191-200 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8548291 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta S, Barrett T, Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Sluss HK, Dérijard B, Davis RJ | title = Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 2760–70 | date = Jun 1996 | pmid = 8654373 | pmc = 450211 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chu Y, Solski PA, Khosravi-Far R, ''et al.'' |title=The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 11 |pages= 6497-501 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8626452 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kallunki T, Deng T, Hibi M, Karin M | title = c-Jun can recruit JNK to phosphorylate dimerization partners via specific docking interactions | journal = Cell | volume = 87 | issue = 5 | pages = 929–39 | date = Nov 1996 | pmid = 8945519 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81999-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bocco JL, Bahr A, Goetz J, ''et al.'' |title=In vivo association of ATFa with JNK/SAP kinase activities. |journal=Oncogene |volume=12 |issue= 9 |pages= 1971-80 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8649858 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jabado N, Pallier A, Jauliac S, Fischer A, Hivroz C | title = gp160 of HIV or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ligation of CD4 induces inhibition of JNK and ERK-2 activities in human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 397–404 | date = Feb 1997 | pmid = 9045910 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830270209 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gupta S, Barrett T, Whitmarsh AJ, ''et al.'' |title=Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=15 |issue= 11 |pages= 2760-70 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8654373 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Janknecht R, Hunter T | title = Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 16 | issue = 7 | pages = 1620–7 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9130707 | pmc = 1169766 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kallunki T, Deng T, Hibi M, Karin M |title=c-Jun can recruit JNK to phosphorylate dimerization partners via specific docking interactions. |journal=Cell |volume=87 |issue= 5 |pages= 929-39 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8945519 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fukunaga R, Hunter T | title = MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 16 | issue = 8 | pages = 1921–33 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9155018 | pmc = 1169795 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jabado N, Pallier A, Jauliac S, ''et al.'' |title=gp160 of HIV or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ligation of CD4 induces inhibition of JNK and ERK-2 activities in human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=27 |issue= 2 |pages= 397-404 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9045910 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chow CW, Rincón M, Cavanagh J, Dickens M, Davis RJ | title = Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway | journal = Science | volume = 278 | issue = 5343 | pages = 1638–41 | date = Nov 1997 | pmid = 9374467 | doi = 10.1126/science.278.5343.1638 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Janknecht R, Hunter T |title=Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 7 |pages= 1620-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9130707 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP | title = JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases | journal = Oncogene | volume = 15 | issue = 19 | pages = 2277–87 | date = Nov 1997 | pmid = 9393873 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201401 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fukunaga R, Hunter T |title=MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 8 |pages= 1921-33 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9155018 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lannuzel A, Barnier JV, Hery C, Huynh VT, Guibert B, Gray F, Vincent JD, Tardieu M | title = Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neurons | journal = Annals of Neurology | volume = 42 | issue = 6 | pages = 847–56 | date = Dec 1997 | pmid = 9403476 | doi = 10.1002/ana.410420605 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chow CW, Rincón M, Cavanagh J, ''et al.'' |title=Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway. |journal=Science |volume=278 |issue= 5343 |pages= 1638-41 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9374467 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fuchs SY, Xie B, Adler V, Fried VA, Davis RJ, Ronai Z | title = c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases target the ubiquitination of their associated transcription factors | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 51 | pages = 32163–8 | date = Dec 1997 | pmid = 9405416 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.51.32163 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP |title=JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases. |journal=Oncogene |volume=15 |issue= 19 |pages= 2277-87 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9393873 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201401 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lannuzel A, Barnier JV, Hery C, ''et al.'' |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neurons. |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=42 |issue= 6 |pages= 847-56 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9403476 |doi= 10.1002/ana.410420605 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fuchs SY, Xie B, Adler V, ''et al.'' |title=c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases target the ubiquitination of their associated transcription factors. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 51 |pages= 32163-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9405416 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.mapkinases.eu MAP Kinase Resource ].


{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}}
{{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}}
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{{Enzymes}}
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[[Category:EC 2.7.11]]
[[Category:EC 2.7.11]]
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[[Category:Human proteins]]

Latest revision as of 04:19, 5 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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View/Edit Human

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[2]

Interactions

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, Sluss HK, Dérijard B, Moore G, Davis R, Karin M (Dec 1994). "JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation". Genes & Development. 8 (24): 2996–3007. doi:10.1101/gad.8.24.2996. PMID 8001819.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9".
  3. ↑ Saleem A, Datta R, Yuan ZM, Kharbanda S, Kufe D (Dec 1995). "Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 6 (12): 1651–8. PMID 9019171.
  4. ↑ Kharbanda S, Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J (Aug 1995). "Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (32): 18871–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871. PMID 7642542.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yasuda J, Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Sharma M, Davis RJ (Oct 1999). "The JIP group of mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (10): 7245–54. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.7245. PMC 84717. PMID 10490659.
  6. ↑ Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis RJ (Sep 1998). "A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation". Science. 281 (5383): 1671–4. doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1671. PMID 9733513.
  7. ↑ Ito M, Yoshioka K, Akechi M, Yamashita S, Takamatsu N, Sugiyama K, Hibi M, Nakabeppu Y, Shiba T, Yamamoto KI (Nov 1999). "JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (11): 7539–48. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539. PMC 84763. PMID 10523642.
  8. ↑ Kelkar N, Gupta S, Dickens M, Davis RJ (Feb 2000). "Interaction of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling module with the neuronal protein JIP3". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (3): 1030–43. doi:10.1128/mcb.20.3.1030-1043.2000. PMC 85220. PMID 10629060.
  9. ↑ Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP (Nov 1997). "JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases". Oncogene. 15 (19): 2277–87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201401. PMID 9393873.
  10. ↑ Lin Y, Khokhlatchev A, Figeys D, Avruch J (Dec 2002). "Death-associated protein 4 binds MST1 and augments MST1-induced apoptosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (50): 47991–8001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202630200. PMID 12384512.
  11. ↑ Maekawa M, Nishida E, Tanoue T (Oct 2002). "Identification of the Anti-proliferative protein Tob as a MAPK substrate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 37783–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204506200. PMID 12151396.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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