Line 180:
Line 180: ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
*[[Ace inhibitors]]
*[[Ace inhibitors]]
*[[Acetominophen]]
*[[Acetominophen]]
Line 354:
Line 355: *[[X-linked hypophosphataemia]]
*[[X-linked hypophosphataemia]]
*[[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
*[[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
}}
==References==
==References==
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview Common causes of chronic renal failure include diabetic nephropathy , hypertension , and glomerulonephritis . The commonest cause of stage 5 CKD in the U.S. is diabetes and is characterized by proteinuria and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. Hypertension is the second most common cause of Stage 5 CKD in the US, and often co-exists in diabetic patients.
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease According to the National Kidney Foundation the 2 most important causes of CKD are diabetes and hypertension accounting for more than one third of all cases often indicating early detection strategies. Beyond diabetes and hypertension other causes like glomerulonephritis, inherited disorders, chronic infections, and urinary tract obstruction account for most of the remaining cases.[ 1] [ 2]
Common Causes Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular
Amyloidosis , Essential hypertension , Hypertension , Hypertensive nephrosclerosis , Hypotension , Intraglomerular hypertension , Malignant hypertension , Renal artery stenosis , Renal vein thrombosis , Scleroderma , Systemic hypertension , Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , Vasculitis , Wegener's granulomatosis
Chemical/Poisoning
Bismuth , Carbon tetrachloride , Lead , Lithium , Pamidronate , Radiocontrast agents
Dental
No underlying causes
Dermatologic
Scleroderma
Drug Side Effect
Ace inhibitors , Acetominophen , Acyclovir , Allopurinol , Aminoglycosides , Amphotericin b , Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors , Anticoagulants , Aspirin , Bevacizumab , Carboplatin , Carmustine , Cefoxitin , Chloroquine , Cimetidine , Cisplatin , Cyclosporine , Diflunisal , Erythromycin , Febuxostat , Ferumoxytol , Flucytosine , Foscarnet , Furosemide , Gadopentetate , Gentamicin , Hydroxychloroquine , Ifosfamide , Infliximab , Isoniazid , Laxatives , Lithium , Lomustine , Mesalamine , Methicillin , Mitomycin c , Nitrosourea , Nsaids , Penicillin , Pentamidine , Phenytoin , Propylthiouracil , Protease inhibitors , Quinine , Rifampicin , Saxagliptin , Sulfa-containing antibiotics , Sulfonamides , Sulindac , Tacrolimus , Thiazides , Tizanidine , Trimethoprim , Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat
No underlying causes
Endocrine
Amyloidosis , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1 , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2 , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3 , Hyperoxaluria
Environmental
No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic
Glycogenosis type 1b , Tubulointerstitial disease
Genetic
Acute intermittent porphyria , Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency , Alport's syndrome , Alström syndrome , Barakat syndrome , Bardet-biedl syndrome , Dent disease , Denys-drash syndrome , Fabry's disease , Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome , Frasier syndrome , Galloway-mowat syndrome , Hereditary nephritides , Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia , Interferons , Jeune thoracic dystrophy syndrome , Lesch-nyhan syndrome , Loken senior syndrome , Lowe syndrome , Mainzer-saldino disease , Papillorenal syndrome , Recurrent hereditary polyserositis , Sensenbrenner syndrome , Townes-brocks syndrome , X-linked hypophosphataemia , X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1
Hematologic
Hemolytic uremic syndrome , Hyperlipidemia , Hypovolemia , Interferons , Light chain disease , Normocytic normochromic anemia , Sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic
No underlying causes
Infectious Disease
Cystinosis , Dioctophyma renale , Schistosoma haematobium , Sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
Action myoclonus
Neurologic
Action myoclonus , Lesch-nyhan syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic
Acute intermittent porphyria , Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency , Diabetes mellitus type 1 , Diabetes mellitus type 2 , Diabetic nephropathy , Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency , Metabolic acidosis , Oxalosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic
No underlying causes
Oncologic
Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia , Metastatic prostate cancer , Multiple myeloma , Prostate cancer , Renal cell carcinoma
Ophthalmologic
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency , Loken senior syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity
Cocaine
Psychiatric
No underlying causes
Pulmonary
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Renal/Electrolyte
Alport's syndrome , Balkan endemic nephropathy , Barakat syndrome , Chronic glomerulonephritis , Chronic pyelonephritis , Congenital nephrotic syndrome , Dense deposit disease , Dent disease , Denys-drash syndrome , Diabetic nephropathy , Dioctophyma renale , Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy , Fibronectin glomerulopathy , Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome , Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis , Glomerular hypertrophy , Glomerulocystic kidney disease , Glomerulonephritis , Glomerulosclerosis , Goodpasture’s syndrome , Granulomatosis with polyangiitis , Hereditary nephritides , Hydronephrosis , Hyperkalemia , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 1 , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 2 , Hyperoxaluria, primary type 3 , Hyperoxaluria , Hypertensive nephrosclerosis , Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 1 , Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 2 , Idiopathic membranous nephropathy , Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis , Iga nephropathy , Interstitial nephritis , Intraglomerular hypertension , Light chain disease , Medullary cystic kidney disease , Medullary cystic renal disease , Medullary sponge kidney , Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis , Membranous nephritis , Nephritic syndrome , Nephrolithiasis , Nephrosclerosis , Nephrotic syndrome , Normocytic normochromic anemia , Obstructive nephropathy , Obstructive uropathy , Oxalosis , Papillorenal syndrome , Polycystic kidney disease , Proteinuria , Pyelonephritis , Reflux nephropathy , Renal artery stenosis , Renal cell carcinoma , Renal tubular acidosis , Renal vein thrombosis , Systemic sclerosis , Urinary tract obstruction , Vesicoureteral reflux , Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
Amyloidosis , Goodpasture’s syndrome , Gout , Granulomatosis with polyangiitis , Lupus nephritis , Lupus , Rheumatoid arthritis
Sexual
No underlying causes
Trauma
No underlying causes
Urologic
Benign prostatic hyperplasia , Dent disease , Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy , Frasier syndrome , Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Miscellaneous
No underlying causes
Causes in Alphabetical Order The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{
columns-list }}.
3
References
↑ Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW; et al. (2003). "National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification" . Ann Intern Med . 139 (2): 137–47. PMID 12859163 . ↑ U.S. Renal Data System, 2013 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States , National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2013.
Template:WH
Template:WS
