Alzheimer's disease epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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  | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000143318.70292.47
  | doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000143318.70292.47
}}
}}
</ref> <ref>
</ref> <ref>{{cite journal
{{cite journal
  | author = Hebert L, Scherr P, Bienias J, Bennett D, Evans D
  | author = Hebert L, Scherr P, Bienias J, Bennett D, Evans D
  | title = Alzheimer disease in the U.S. population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
  | title = Alzheimer disease in the U.S. population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
Line 22: Line 21:
}}</ref> An estimated 35 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease.
}}</ref> An estimated 35 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease.


==Prevalence==
===Prevalence===
Two main measures are used in [[epidemiology|epidemiological]] studies: incidence and prevalence. [[Incidence (epidemiology)|Incidence]] is  the number of new cases per unit of person–time at risk (usually number of new cases per thousand person–years); while [[prevalence]] is the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time.
* The [[World Health Organization]] estimated that in 2005, 0.379% of people worldwide had dementia, and that the prevalence would increase to 0.441% in 2015 and to 0.556% in 2030<ref name="isbn9789241563369">{{cite book
 
The prevalence of AD in populations is dependent upon different factors, including incidence and survival. Since the incidence of AD increases with age, it is particularly important to include the mean age of the population of interest. In the United States, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was estimated to be 1.6% in the year 2000, both overall and in the 65–74 age group, with the rate increasing to 19% in the 75–84 years of age group and to 42% in the greater than 84 years of age group.<ref>2000 U.S. estimates:
*{{cite journal
|author=Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, Bennett DA, Evans DA
|title=Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
|journal=Arch. Neurol.
|volume=60
|issue=8
|pages=1119–22
|year=2003
|month=August
|pmid=12925369
|doi=10.1001/archneur.60.8.1119
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Profiles of general demographic characteristics, 2000 census of population and housing, United States
|year=2001
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/dp1/2kh00.pdf
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2008-08-27
}}</ref> Prevalence rates in less developed regions are lower.<ref name="pmid16360788"/> The [[World Health Organization]] estimated that in 2005, 0.379% of people worldwide had dementia, and that the prevalence would increase to 0.441% in 2015 and to 0.556% in 2030.<ref name="isbn9789241563369">{{cite book
| last = World Health Organization
| last = World Health Organization
| title = Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges
| title = Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges
Line 53: Line 30:
| pages = 204–207
| pages = 204–207
| url = http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/neurodiso/en/index.html
| url = http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/neurodiso/en/index.html
| isbn = 978-92-4-156336-9 }}</ref> Other studies have reached similar conclusions.<ref name="pmid16360788">{{cite journal
| isbn = 978-92-4-156336-9 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16360788">{{cite journal
|author=Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, ''et al''
|author=Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, ''et al''
|title=Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study
|title=Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study
Line 66: Line 43:
|url=http://www.sbgg.org.br/profissional/artigos/pdf/demencia_mundo.pdf
|url=http://www.sbgg.org.br/profissional/artigos/pdf/demencia_mundo.pdf
|accessdate=2008-06-13
|accessdate=2008-06-13
|format=PDF}}</ref> Another study estimated that in 2006, 0.40% of the world population (range: 0.17–0.89%; absolute number: 26.6 million; range: 11.4–59.4 million) were afflicted with AD, and that the prevalence rate would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by the year 2050.<ref name="Brookmeyer2007">2006 prevalence estimate:
|format=PDF}}</ref>
* In 2006 it was determined that 0.40% of the world population (range: 0.17–0.89%; absolute number: 26.6 million; range: 11.4–59.4 million) were afflicted with AD, and that the prevalence rate would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by the year 2050.<ref name="Brookmeyer2007">2006 prevalence estimate:
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal
|author=Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Ziegler-Graham K, MH Arrighi
|author=Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Ziegler-Graham K, MH Arrighi
Line 89: Line 67:
|version=Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.202
|version=Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.202
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
'''Trends in United states'''
*
=== Developed countries ===
=== Developing countries ===
* Prevalence rates in developing regions are lower<ref name="pmid16360788" />
* Low prevalence of dementia has been reported in India and sub-Saharan Africa
'''Trends in developing countries'''
* The following table outlines the general prevalence trends in major developing countries:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Asia'''
|'''Year'''
|'''Diagnostic criteria'''
|'''Age'''
|'''Prevalence (All dementia)'''
'''per 100,000'''
|'''Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia per 100,000'''
|'''Causes of other dementia'''
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2007
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-III, ICD-10
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3100 
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2000
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, PDD, DLB, FTD
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |China (Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, Chengdu)
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2005
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5000
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3500
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, PDD, DLB
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Taiwan
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1995-1998
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3200
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1900
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |South Korea
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1994-2005
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-III, DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |10100
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5200
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Thailand
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2001
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-III
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>60
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3400
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -.
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |India
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1996-2006
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-III, DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2700
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1300
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, PDD, DLB, PSD
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Sri Lanka
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2003
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |3980
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2850
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Israel (Wadi Ara)
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2002
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |21100
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |20500
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|-
| colspan="7" rowspan="1" |'''Africa'''
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Egypt
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1998
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5930
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2860
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Nigeria
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1995
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-III, ICD-10
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2300
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1400
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, DLB
|-
| colspan="7" rowspan="1" |'''Latin America'''
----
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Cuba
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1999
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>60
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8.200
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5100
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, alcohol dementia
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Argentina
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1999
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |11.500
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Age
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Brazil
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2002-2008
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |5300
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2700
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed, PDD
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Chile
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1997
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IIIR
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |4300
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Colombia
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2000
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65 and >75
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |1800
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Peru
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2007
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |6700
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" | -
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Venezuela
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |2002
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |DSM-IV
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |>55 and >65
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |8000
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |4.000
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Mixed
|}


==Age==
===Age===
Generally, AD is diagnosed in people over 65&nbsp;years of age,<ref>{{cite journal
Generally, AD is diagnosed in people over 65&nbsp;years of age,<ref>{{cite journal
|author=Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C
|author=Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C
Line 104: Line 244:
}}</ref> although the less prevalent [[early-onset Alzheimer's]] can occur much earlier.
}}</ref> although the less prevalent [[early-onset Alzheimer's]] can occur much earlier.


{| align="left" border="2"| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" align="left" border="2" style="text-align:center" |
|+AD incidence rates<br /> after 65 years of age<ref name="pmid17727890">{{cite journal |author=Bermejo-Pareja F, Benito-León J, Vega S, Medrano MJ, Román GC |title=Incidence and subtypes of dementia in three elderly populations of central Spain |journal=[[Journal of the Neurological Sciences]] |volume=264 |issue=1-2 |pages=63–72 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=17727890 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.021 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-510X(07)00491-1 |accessdate=2012-08-15}}</ref>
|+AD incidence rates<br /> after 65 years of age<ref name="pmid17727890">{{cite journal |author=Bermejo-Pareja F, Benito-León J, Vega S, Medrano MJ, Román GC |title=Incidence and subtypes of dementia in three elderly populations of central Spain |journal=[[Journal of the Neurological Sciences]] |volume=264 |issue=1-2 |pages=63–72 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=17727890 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.021 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-510X(07)00491-1 |accessdate=2012-08-15}}</ref>
|-
|-
! Age !! Incidence<br/>(new affected)<br/> per thousand<br /> person–years
! Age !! Incidence<br />(new affected)<br /> per thousand<br /> person–years
|-
|-
! 65–69
! 65–69

Revision as of 00:19, 18 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Alzheimer's disease is the most frequently observed form of dementia, and it typically develops in elderly patients.

Epidemiology

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia observed in the elderly; it affects almost half of all patients with dementia. Correspondingly, advancing age is the primary risk factor for the development of AD.[1] [2] An estimated 35 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease.

Prevalence

  • The World Health Organization estimated that in 2005, 0.379% of people worldwide had dementia, and that the prevalence would increase to 0.441% in 2015 and to 0.556% in 2030[3][4]
  • In 2006 it was determined that 0.40% of the world population (range: 0.17–0.89%; absolute number: 26.6 million; range: 11.4–59.4 million) were afflicted with AD, and that the prevalence rate would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by the year 2050.[5]

Trends in United states

Developed countries

Developing countries

  • Prevalence rates in developing regions are lower[4]
  • Low prevalence of dementia has been reported in India and sub-Saharan Africa

Trends in developing countries

  • The following table outlines the general prevalence trends in major developing countries:
Asia Year Diagnostic criteria Age Prevalence (All dementia)

per 100,000

Prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia per 100,000 Causes of other dementia
China 2007 DSM-III, ICD-10 >65 3100 2000 Mixed, PDD, DLB, FTD
China (Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, Chengdu) 2005 DSM-IV >65 5000 3500 Mixed, PDD, DLB
Taiwan 1995-1998 DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV >65 3200 1900 Mixed
South Korea 1994-2005 DSM-III, DSM-IV >65 10100 5200 Mixed
Thailand 2001 DSM-III >60 3400 - -.
India 1996-2006 DSM-III, DSM-IV >65 2700 1300 Mixed, PDD, DLB, PSD
Sri Lanka 2003 DSM-IV >65 3980 2850 Mixed
Israel (Wadi Ara) 2002 DSM-IV >65 21100 20500 Mixed
Africa
Egypt 1998 DSM-IV >65 5930 2860 Mixed
Nigeria 1995 DSM-III, ICD-10 >65 2300 1400 Mixed, DLB
Latin America
Cuba 1999 DSM-IV >60 8.200 5100 Mixed, alcohol dementia
Argentina 1999 DSM-IV >65 11.500 - Age
Brazil 2002-2008 DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV >65 5300 2700 Mixed, PDD
Chile 1997 DSM-IIIR >65 4300 - -
Colombia 2000 DSM-IV >65 and >75 1800 - -
Peru 2007 DSM-IV >65 6700 - -
Venezuela 2002 DSM-IV >55 and >65 8000 4.000 Mixed

Age

Generally, AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age,[6] although the less prevalent early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier.

AD incidence rates
after 65 years of age[7]
Age Incidence
(new affected)
per thousand
person–years
65–69  3
70–74  6
75–79  9
80–84 23
85–89 40
90–   69

References

  1. ↑ Gorelick P (2004). "Risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease". Stroke. 35 (11 Suppl 1): 2620–2622. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000143318.70292.47. PMID 15375299.
  2. ↑ Hebert L, Scherr P, Bienias J, Bennett D, Evans D (2003). "Alzheimer disease in the U.S. population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census". Archives of Neurology. 60 (8): 1119–1122. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.8.1119. PMID 12925369.
  3. ↑ World Health Organization (2006). Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges. Switzerland: World Health Organization. pp. 204–207. ISBN 978-92-4-156336-9.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C; et al. (2005). "Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study" (PDF). Lancet. 366 (9503): 2112–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0. PMID 16360788. Retrieved 2008-06-13. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 2006 prevalence estimate:
  6. ↑ Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C (1998). "Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset". Am J Public Health. 88 (9): 1337–42. PMC 1509089. PMID 9736873. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Bermejo-Pareja F, Benito-León J, Vega S, Medrano MJ, Román GC (2008). "Incidence and subtypes of dementia in three elderly populations of central Spain". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 264 (1–2): 63–72. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.021. PMID 17727890. Retrieved 2012-08-15. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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