Amenorrhea x ray: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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| [[Image:Delayed-bone-age.jpg|250px|thumbnail|16 years old girl with growth hormone insufficiency, Case courtesy of Dr Aneta Kecler-Pietrzyk, <ref name=Delayed puberty"https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/53554">rID: 53554</ref>]] | | [[Image:Delayed-bone-age.jpg|250px|thumbnail|16 years old girl with growth hormone insufficiency, Case courtesy of Dr Aneta Kecler-Pietrzyk, <ref name=Delayed puberty"https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/53554">rID: 53554<nowiki></ref></nowiki>]] | ||
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There are no [[X-ray]] findings associated with amenorrhea. | There are no [[X-ray]] findings associated with amenorrhea. There are no [[X-ray]] findings associated with most common causes of amenorrhea, like [[Polycystic ovary syndrome|polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)]] and [[premature ovarian failure]]. However, an [[X-ray]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [[delayed puberty]]. | ||
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Revision as of 20:44, 28 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
 <ref> tag</nowiki> |
There are no X-ray findings associated with amenorrhea. There are no X-ray findings associated with most common causes of amenorrhea, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure. However, an X-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of delayed puberty.
X Ray
- There are no X-ray findings associated with amenorrhea, exclusively.
- There are no X-ray findings associated with most common causes of amenorrhea, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure.
- However, an X-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of delayed puberty.
- Studies have shown that there is strong association between bone age and the initiation of puberty in boys involved in developmental disorders.[1][2]
- The researches suggested that skeletal maturation and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation rates are relevant to each other. Delayed puberty is related to the skeletal maturation delay, that can be caused by various diseases, such as chronic diseases[3], malnutrition[4], hypothyroidism[5], constitutional delay of growth[6], and growth hormone (GH) deficiency[7].
- For measuring bone age by means of X-ray, the left hand and wrist have to be studied. Greulich and Pyle Atlas may be used to interpret the findings.[8][9]
- If the difference between measured bone age and chronological age is more than 2 years, it will strongly diagnostic of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP).
- If the bone age shows the 4 years delay, it may reflect a 8 cm more final adult height in patient. Final adult height can be concluded through Bayley-Pinneau tables.[10][11]
References
- ↑ Flor-Cisneros A, Leschek EW, Merke DP, Barnes KM, Coco M, Cutler GB, Baron J (2004). "In boys with abnormal developmental tempo, maturation of the skeleton and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remains synchronous". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (1): 236–41. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021954. PMID 14715856.
- ↑ Flor-Cisneros A, Roemmich JN, Rogol AD, Baron J (2006). "Bone age and onset of puberty in normal boys". Mol Cell Endocrinol. 254-255: 202–6. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.008. PMC 1586226. PMID 16837127.
- ↑ Kulin HE, Bwibo N, Mutie D, Santner SJ (1982). "The effect of chronic childhood malnutrition on pubertal growth and development". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36 (3): 527–36. PMID 7113957.
- ↑ Alvear J, Artaza C, Vial M, Guerrero S, Muzzo S (1986). "Physical growth and bone age of survivors of protein energy malnutrition". Arch. Dis. Child. 61 (3): 257–62. PMC 1777696. PMID 3083790.
- ↑ Pantsiouou S, Stanhope R, Uruena M, Preece MA, Grant DB (1991). "Growth prognosis and growth after menarche in primary hypothyroidism". Arch. Dis. Child. 66 (7): 838–40. PMC 1793266. PMID 1863095.
- ↑ Sedlmeyer IL, Palmert MR (2002). "Delayed puberty: analysis of a large case series from an academic center". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (4): 1613–20. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.4.8395. PMID 11932291.
- ↑ Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH (1975). "A note on the bone age at which patients with true isolated growth hormone deficiency enter puberty". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41 (4): 788–90. doi:10.1210/jcem-41-4-788. PMID 170299.
- ↑ Palmert, Mark R.; Dunkel, Leo (2012). "Delayed Puberty". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (5): 443–453. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1109290. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Manzoor Mughal A, Hassan N, Ahmed A (2014). "The applicability of the Greulich & Pyle Atlas for bone age assessment in primary school-going children of Karachi, Pakistan". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (2): 409–11. PMC 3999020. PMID 24772153.
- ↑ Wit JM, Rekers-Mombarg LT (2002). "Final height gain by GH therapy in children with idiopathic short stature is dose dependent". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (2): 604–11. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8225. PMID 11836292.
- ↑ BAYLEY N, PINNEAU SR (1952). "Tables for predicting adult height from skeletal age: revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards". J. Pediatr. 40 (4): 423–41. PMID 14918032.