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{{main|Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase}} | {{main|Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase}} | ||
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{{ | '''Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP2K4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7716521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin A, Minden A, Martinetto H, Claret FX, Lange-Carter C, Mercurio F, Johnson GL, Karin M | title = Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2 | journal = Science | volume = 268 | issue = 5208 | pages = 286–90 |date=May 1995 | pmid = 7716521 | pmc = | doi =10.1126/science.7716521 }}</ref> | ||
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{{PBB_Summary | {{PBB_Summary | ||
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| summary_text = This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. It has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38, but not MAPK1/ERK2 or MAPK3/ERK1. This kinase is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1/MEKK. The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as in the organogenesis of liver.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAP2K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4| url = | | summary_text = This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the [[Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase|Ser/Thr protein kinase family]]. This kinase is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. It has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38, but not MAPK1/ERK2 or MAPK3/ERK1. This kinase is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1/MEKK. The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as in the organogenesis of liver.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAP2K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6416| accessdate = }}</ref> | ||
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==Interactions== | |||
MAP2K4 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[FLNC (gene)|FLNC]],<ref name=pmid9006895>{{cite journal |last=Marti |first=A |authorlink= |author2=Luo Z |author3=Cunningham C |author4=Ohta Y |author5=Hartwig J |author6=Stossel T P |author7=Kyriakis J M |author8=Avruch J |date=January 1997 |title=Actin-binding protein-280 binds the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activator SEK-1 and is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of SAPK in melanoma cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue=5 |pages=2620–8 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 9006895 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.5.2620 }}</ref> [[MAPK8]],<ref name=pmid12391307>{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Clement M |authorlink= |author2=Onésime Djamila |author3=Reddy C Damodara |author4=Dhanasekaran N |author5=Reddy E Premkumar |date=October 2002 |title=JLP: A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors |journal=[[PNAS|Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] |volume=99 |issue=22 |pages=14189–94 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0027-8424| pmid = 12391307 |doi = 10.1073/pnas.232310199 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=137859 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11707464>{{cite journal |last=Park |first=Hee-Sae |authorlink= |author2=Kim Mi-Sung |author3=Huh Sung-Ho |author4=Park Jihyun |author5=Chung Jongkyeong |author6=Kang Sang Sun |author7=Choi Eui-Ju |date=January 2002 |title=Akt (protein kinase B) negatively regulates SEK1 by means of protein phosphorylation |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue=4 |pages=2573–8 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 11707464 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M110299200 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref><ref name=pmid11279118>{{cite journal |last=Chen |first=Z |authorlink= |author2=Cobb M H |date=May 2001 |title=Regulation of stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways by TAO2 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue=19 |pages=16070–5 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 11279118 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100681200 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref><ref name=pmid9207092>{{cite journal |last=Tournier |first=C |authorlink= |author2=Whitmarsh A J |author3=Cavanagh J |author4=Barrett T |author5=Davis R J |date=July 1997 |title=Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase |journal=[[PNAS|Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] |volume=94 |issue=14 |pages=7337–42 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0027-8424| pmid = 9207092 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1073/pnas.94.14.7337 |pmc=23822 }}</ref><ref name=pmid10713157>{{cite journal |last=Cheng |first=J |authorlink= |author2=Yang J |author3=Xia Y |author4=Karin M |author5=Su B |date=April 2000 |title=Synergistic interaction of MEK kinase 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase 2, and JNK1 results in efficient and specific JNK1 activation |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=2334–42 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0270-7306| pmid = 10713157 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1128/MCB.20.7.2334-2342.2000 |pmc=85399 }}</ref> [[MAPK8IP3]]<ref name=pmid10523642>{{cite journal |last=Ito |first=M |authorlink= |author2=Yoshioka K |author3=Akechi M |author4=Yamashita S |author5=Takamatsu N |author6=Sugiyama K |author7=Hibi M |author8=Nakabeppu Y |author9=Shiba T |author10=Yamamoto K I |date=November 1999 |title=JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=7539–48 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0270-7306| pmid = 10523642 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=84763 | doi=10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539}}</ref><ref name=pmid12189133>{{cite journal |last=Matsuura |first=Hiroshi |authorlink= |author2=Nishitoh Hideki |author3=Takeda Kohsuke |author4=Matsuzawa Atsushi |author5=Amagasa Teruo |author6=Ito Michihiko |author7=Yoshioka Katsuji |author8=Ichijo Hidenori |date=October 2002 |title=Phosphorylation-dependent scaffolding role of JSAP1/JIP3 in the ASK1-JNK signaling pathway. A new mode of regulation of the MAP kinase cascade |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue=43 |pages=40703–9 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 12189133 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M202004200 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> and [[AKT1]].<ref name=pmid11707464/> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
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| citations = | | citations = | ||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Dérijard B |title=Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms |journal=Science |volume=267 |issue= 5198 |pages= 682–5 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7839144 |doi=10.1126/science.7839144 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Raingeaud J | author3=Barrett T | display-authors=3 | last4=Wu | first4=I. | last5=Han | first5=J | last6=Ulevitch | first6=R. | last7=Davis | first7=R. }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Yan M |title=Activation of stress-activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1 |journal=Nature |volume=372 |issue= 6508 |pages= 798–800 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7997270 |doi= 10.1038/372798a0 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Dai T | author3=Deak JC | display-authors=3 | last4=Kyriakis | first4=JM | last5=Zon | first5=LI | last6=Woodgett | first6=JR | last7=Templeton | first7=DJ }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author=Yan M | *{{cite journal | author=Salmeron A |title=Activation of MEK-1 and SEK-1 by Tpl-2 proto-oncoprotein, a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase |journal=EMBO J. |volume=15 |issue= 4 |pages= 817–26 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8631303 |doi= | pmc=450280 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ahmad TB | author3=Carlile GW | display-authors=3 | last4=Pappin | first4=D | last5=Narsimhan | first5=RP | last6=Ley | first6=SC }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Gale NW |title=Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis |journal=Neuron |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–19 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8755474 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80276-7 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Holland SJ | author3=Valenzuela DM | display-authors=3 | last4=Flenniken | first4=Ann | last5=Pan | first5=Li | last6=Ryan | first6=Terrence E | last7=Henkemeyer | first7=Mark | last8=Strebhardt | first8=Klaus | last9=Hirai | first9=Hisamaru }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=White RA |title=The gene encoding protein kinase SEK1 maps to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17 |journal=Genomics |volume=34 |issue= 3 |pages= 430–2 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8786147 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0309 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hughes RT | author3=Adkison LR | display-authors=3 | last4=Bruns | first4=G | last5=Zon | first5=LI }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Nishina H |title=Stress-signalling kinase Sek1 protects thymocytes from apoptosis mediated by CD95 and CD3 |journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue= 6614 |pages= 350–3 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9002521 |doi= 10.1038/385350a0 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Fischer KD | author3=Radvanyi L | display-authors=3 | last4=Shahinian | first4=Arda | last5=Hakem | first5=Razqallah | last6=Rubie | first6=Elizabeth A. | last7=Bernstein | first7=Alan | last8=Mak | first8=Tak W. | last9=Woodgett | first9=James R. }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Marti A |title=Actin-binding protein-280 binds the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activator SEK-1 and is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of SAPK in melanoma cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 5 |pages= 2620–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9006895 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.5.2620 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Luo Z | author3=Cunningham C | display-authors=3 | last4=Ohta | first4=Y | last5=Hartwig | first5=J | last6=Stossel | first6=TP | last7=Kyriakis | first7=JM | last8=Avruch | first8=J }} | ||
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Deacon K, Blank JL |title=Characterization of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 and MKK3/p38 pathways regulated by MEK kinases 2 and 3. MEK kinase 3 activates MKK3 but does not cause activation of p38 kinase in vivo |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 22 |pages= 14489–96 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9162092 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.22.14489 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Hirai S |title=MST/MLK2, a member of the mixed lineage kinase family, directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1, an activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 24 |pages= 15167–73 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9182538 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.24.15167 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Katoh M | author3=Terada M | display-authors=3 | last4=Kyriakis | first4=JM | last5=Zon | first5=LI | last6=Rana | first6=A | last7=Avruch | first7=J | last8=Ohno | first8=S }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Teng DH |title=Human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 as a candidate tumor suppressor |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=57 |issue= 19 |pages= 4177–82 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9331070 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Perry WL | author3=Hogan JK | display-authors=3 | last4=Baumgard | first4=M | last5=Bell | first5=R | last6=Berry | first6=S | last7=Davis | first7=T | last8=Frank | first8=D | last9=Frye | first9=C }} | |||
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu S, Cobb MH |title=MEKK1 binds directly to the c-Jun N-terminal kinases/stress-activated protein kinases |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 51 |pages= 32056–60 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9405400 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.51.32056 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Guan Z |title=Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by the activated MEKK1 --> SEK1/MKK4 --> p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 21 |pages= 12901–8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9582321 |doi=10.1074/jbc.273.21.12901 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Buckman SY | author3=Pentland AP | display-authors=3 | last4=Templeton | first4=DJ | last5=Morrison | first5=AR }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Su GH |title=Alterations in pancreatic, biliary, and breast carcinomas support MKK4 as a genetically targeted tumor suppressor gene |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=58 |issue= 11 |pages= 2339–42 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9622070 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Hilgers W | author3=Shekher MC | display-authors=3 | last4=Tang | first4=DJ | last5=Yeo | first5=CJ | last6=Hruban | first6=RH | last7=Kern | first7=SE }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | author=Yang J |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of a human protein kinase that specifically activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase |journal=Gene |volume=212 |issue= 1 |pages= 95–102 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9661668 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00158-9 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=New L | author3=Jiang Y | display-authors=3 | last4=Han | first4=J | last5=Su | first5=B }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Widegren U |title=Divergent effects of exercise on metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle |journal=FASEB J. |volume=12 |issue= 13 |pages= 1379–89 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9761781 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Jiang XJ | author3=Krook A | display-authors=3 | last4=Chibalin | first4=AV | last5=Björnholm | first5=M | last6=Tally | first6=M | last7=Roth | first7=RA | last8=Henriksson | first8=J | last9=Wallberg-Henriksson | first9=H }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Xia Y |title=JNKK1 organizes a MAP kinase module through specific and sequential interactions with upstream and downstream components mediated by its amino-terminal extension |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=12 |issue= 21 |pages= 3369–81 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9808624 |doi=10.1101/gad.12.21.3369 | pmc=317229 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wu Z | author3=Su B | display-authors=3 | last4=Murray | first4=B. | last5=Karin | first5=M. }} | ||
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Chan-Hui PY, Weaver R |title=Human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mediates the stress-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=336 |issue= 3|pages= 599–609 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9841871 |doi= 10.1042/bj3360599| pmc=1219910 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Merritt SE |title=The mixed lineage kinase DLK utilizes MKK7 and not MKK4 as substrate |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 15 |pages= 10195–202 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10187804 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.15.10195 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Mata M | author3=Nihalani D | display-authors=3 | last4=Zhu | first4=C | last5=Hu | first5=X | last6=Holzman | first6=LB }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Orth K |title=Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase superfamily by a Yersinia effector |journal=Science |volume=285 |issue= 5435 |pages= 1920–3 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10489373 |doi=10.1126/science.285.5435.1920 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Palmer LE | author3=Bao ZQ | display-authors=3 | last4=Stewart | first4=S | last5=Rudolph | first5=AE | last6=Bliska | first6=JB | last7=Dixon | first7=JE }} | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
{{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}} | {{Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases}} | ||
{{ | {{Enzymes}} | ||
{{Portal bar|Molecular and Cellular Biology|border=no}} | |||
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Revision as of 06:05, 4 September 2017
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Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K4 gene.[1]
This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. It has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38, but not MAPK1/ERK2 or MAPK3/ERK1. This kinase is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1/MEKK. The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as in the organogenesis of liver.[2]
Interactions
MAP2K4 has been shown to interact with FLNC,[3] MAPK8,[4][5][6][7][8] MAPK8IP3[9][10] and AKT1.[5]
References
- ↑ Lin A, Minden A, Martinetto H, Claret FX, Lange-Carter C, Mercurio F, Johnson GL, Karin M (May 1995). "Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2". Science. 268 (5208): 286–90. doi:10.1126/science.7716521. PMID 7716521.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: MAP2K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4".
- ↑ Marti, A; Luo Z; Cunningham C; Ohta Y; Hartwig J; Stossel T P; Kyriakis J M; Avruch J (January 1997). "Actin-binding protein-280 binds the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activator SEK-1 and is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of SAPK in melanoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. UNITED STATES. 272 (5): 2620–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.5.2620. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9006895.
- ↑ Lee, Clement M; Onésime Djamila; Reddy C Damodara; Dhanasekaran N; Reddy E Premkumar (October 2002). "JLP: A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. United States. 99 (22): 14189–94. doi:10.1073/pnas.232310199. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 137859. PMID 12391307.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Park, Hee-Sae; Kim Mi-Sung; Huh Sung-Ho; Park Jihyun; Chung Jongkyeong; Kang Sang Sun; Choi Eui-Ju (January 2002). "Akt (protein kinase B) negatively regulates SEK1 by means of protein phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 277 (4): 2573–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110299200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11707464.
- ↑ Chen, Z; Cobb M H (May 2001). "Regulation of stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways by TAO2". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 276 (19): 16070–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100681200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11279118.
- ↑ Tournier, C; Whitmarsh A J; Cavanagh J; Barrett T; Davis R J (July 1997). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 is an activator of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. UNITED STATES. 94 (14): 7337–42. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7337. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 23822. PMID 9207092.
- ↑ Cheng, J; Yang J; Xia Y; Karin M; Su B (April 2000). "Synergistic interaction of MEK kinase 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase 2, and JNK1 results in efficient and specific JNK1 activation". Mol. Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 20 (7): 2334–42. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.7.2334-2342.2000. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 85399. PMID 10713157.
- ↑ Ito, M; Yoshioka K; Akechi M; Yamashita S; Takamatsu N; Sugiyama K; Hibi M; Nakabeppu Y; Shiba T; Yamamoto K I (November 1999). "JSAP1, a novel jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-binding protein that functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. UNITED STATES. 19 (11): 7539–48. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7539. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84763. PMID 10523642.
- ↑ Matsuura, Hiroshi; Nishitoh Hideki; Takeda Kohsuke; Matsuzawa Atsushi; Amagasa Teruo; Ito Michihiko; Yoshioka Katsuji; Ichijo Hidenori (October 2002). "Phosphorylation-dependent scaffolding role of JSAP1/JIP3 in the ASK1-JNK signaling pathway. A new mode of regulation of the MAP kinase cascade". J. Biol. Chem. United States. 277 (43): 40703–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202004200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12189133.
Further reading
- Dérijard B, Raingeaud J, Barrett T, et al. (1995). "Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms". Science. 267 (5198): 682–5. doi:10.1126/science.7839144. PMID 7839144.
- Yan M, Dai T, Deak JC, et al. (1995). "Activation of stress-activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1". Nature. 372 (6508): 798–800. doi:10.1038/372798a0. PMID 7997270.
- Salmeron A, Ahmad TB, Carlile GW, et al. (1996). "Activation of MEK-1 and SEK-1 by Tpl-2 proto-oncoprotein, a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase". EMBO J. 15 (4): 817–26. PMC 450280. PMID 8631303.
- Gale NW, Holland SJ, Valenzuela DM, et al. (1996). "Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis". Neuron. 17 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80276-7. PMID 8755474.
- White RA, Hughes RT, Adkison LR, et al. (1996). "The gene encoding protein kinase SEK1 maps to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17". Genomics. 34 (3): 430–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0309. PMID 8786147.
- Nishina H, Fischer KD, Radvanyi L, et al. (1997). "Stress-signalling kinase Sek1 protects thymocytes from apoptosis mediated by CD95 and CD3". Nature. 385 (6614): 350–3. doi:10.1038/385350a0. PMID 9002521.
- Marti A, Luo Z, Cunningham C, et al. (1997). "Actin-binding protein-280 binds the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activator SEK-1 and is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of SAPK in melanoma cells". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (5): 2620–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.5.2620. PMID 9006895.
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