Uveitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common causes of uveitis include seronegative spondyloarthropathy, sarcoidosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet syndrome, multiple sclerosis AIDS, syphilis, and tuberculosis.[1][2]
Causes
Uveitis may be caused by either systemic inflammatory diseases, localized infectious diseases, or isolated syndromes confined to the eye. No specific diagnosis is made in approximately one-half of cases. However, uveitis is often associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles such as HLA-B27, HLA-A29, HLA-B51, HLA-B8, HLA-DR15, HLA-DR2.[1][2][3]
Systemic inflammatory/autoimmune disorders causing uveitis
Systemic autoimmune disorders that can cause uveitis include:[1][2][4]
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Behçet's disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Kawasaki disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reiter's syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Whipple disease
Infectious disease causes of uveitis
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
- Syphilis
- Leptospirosis
- Brucellosis
- Herpes simplex
- Varicella zoster
- Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
- Lyme disease
- Cytomegalovirus
- Rubella
- Cat scratch disease (Batronela spp.)
Isolated eye disorders causing uveitis
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
- Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
- Birdshot retinochoroidopathy
Masquerade syndromes
Masquerade syndromes are ophthalmic disorders that clinically present as either an anterior or posterior uveitis, but are not primarily inflammatory. The following are some of the most common:
- Anterior segment
- Intraocular foreign body
- Juvenile xanthogranuloma
- Leukemia
- Malignant melanoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinal detachment
- Posterior segment
- Lymphoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Multiple sclerosis
- Reticulum cell sarcoma
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Retinoblastoma
Additionally, the causes may vary depending on the form of uveitis:[1][2]
- Anterior uveitis may be associated with autoimmune diseases, but most cases occur in healthy people for unapparent reasons. The disorder may affect only one eye. It is most common in young and middle-aged people.
- Intermediate uveitis usually occurs in young men and is generally not associated with any other disease. In most cases, the cause is unknown[5]. However, some evidence suggests it may be linked to Crohn's disease and possibly multiple sclerosis [6].
- Posterior uveitis may develop in people who have an autoimmune disease or who have had a systemic (body-wide) infection. The most common cause of posterior uveitis is infections resulting from toxoplasmosis [7]
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Guly CM, Forrester JV (2010). "Investigation and management of uveitis". BMJ. 341: c4976. doi:10.1136/bmj.c4976. PMID 20943722.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rodriguez A, Calonge M, Pedroza-Seres M, Akova YA, Messmer EM, D'Amico DJ; et al. (1996). "Referral patterns of uveitis in a tertiary eye care center". Arch Ophthalmol. 114 (5): 593–9. PMID 8619771.
- ↑ Przeździecka-Dołyk J, Węgrzyn A, Turno-Kręcicka A, Misiuk-Hojło M (2016). "Immunopathogenic Background of Pars Planitis". Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 64 (2): 127–37. doi:10.1007/s00005-015-0361-y. PMC 4805694. PMID 26438050.
- ↑ White G."Uveitis." AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.
- ↑ http://www.preventblindness.org/uveitis/what/types.html
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001005.htm
- ↑ http://www.preventblindness.org/uveitis/what/types.html