MAP2K2

Main article: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

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Species	Human	Mouse
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Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K2 gene. It is more commonly known as MEK2, but has many alternative names including CFC4, MKK2, MAPKK2 and PRKMK2.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is known to play a critical role in mitogen growth factor signal transduction. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1.

The activation of this kinase itself is dependent on the Ser/Thr phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase kinases.

The inhibition or degradation of this kinase is found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia and anthrax.

Interactions

MAP2K2 has been shown to interact with MAPK3 and ARAF.

Further reading

• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
• Stove V, Verhasselt B (2006). "Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects". Curr. HIV Res. 4 (1): 57–64. doi:10.2174/157016206775197583. PMID 16454711.
• Charest DL, Mordret G, Harder KW, et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (8): 4679–90. PMC 360094. PMID 7687743.
• Dérijard B, Raingeaud J, Barrett T, et al. (1995). "Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms". Science. 267 (5198): 682–5. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..682D. doi:10.1126/science.7839144. PMID 7839144.
• Alessi DR, Saito Y, Campbell DG, et al. (1994). "Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1". EMBO J. 13 (7): 1610–9. PMC 394991. PMID 8157000.
• Zheng CF, Guan KL (1993). "Properties of MEKs, the kinases that phosphorylate and activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (32): 23933–9. PMID 8226933.
• Wu J, Harrison JK, Dent P, et al. (1993). "Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MKK2". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (8): 4539–48. PMC 360070. PMID 8393135.
• Moriguchi T, Gotoh Y, Nishida E (1996). "Activation of two isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in response to epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor". Eur. J. Biochem. 234 (1): 32–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.032_c.x. PMID 8529659.
• Butch ER, Guan KL (1996). "Characterization of ERK1 activation site mutants and the effect on recognition by MEK1 and MEK2". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (8): 4230–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4230. PMID 8626767.
• Papin C, Denouel A, Calothy G, Eychène A (1996). "Identification of signalling proteins interacting with B-Raf in the yeast two-hybrid system". Oncogene. 12 (10): 2213–21. PMID 8668348.
• Downey GP, Butler JR, Brumell J, et al. (1996). "Chemotactic peptide-induced activation of MEK-2, the predominant isoform in human neutrophils. Inhibition by wortmannin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (35): 21005–1011. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.35.21005. PMID 8702863.
• Khoo S, Cobb MH (1997). "Activation of mitogen-activating protein kinase by glucose is not required for insulin secretion". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (11): 5599–604. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.5599K. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5599. PMC 20824. PMID 9159118.
• Li CJ, Ueda Y, Shi B (1997). "Tat protein induces self-perpetuating permissivity for productive HIV-1 infection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (15): 8116–20. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.8116L. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8116. PMC 21566. PMID 9223324.
• Menegon A, Leoni C, Benfenati F, Valtorta F (1997). "Tat protein from HIV-1 activates MAP kinase in granular neurons and glial cells from rat cerebellum". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (3): 800–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7393. PMID 9325171.
• Denouel-Galy A, Douville EM, Warne PH (1998). "Murine Ksr interacts with MEK and inhibits Ras-induced transformation". Curr. Biol. 8 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70019-3. PMID 9427625.
• Gibellini D, Bassini A, Pierpaoli S (1998). "Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein induces the rapid Ser133 phosphorylation and activation of CREB transcription factor in both Jurkat lymphoblastoid T cells and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells". J. Immunol. 160 (8): 3891–8. PMID 9558095.
• Duesbery NS, Webb CP, Leppla SH (1998). "Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor". Science. 280 (5364): 734–7. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..734D. doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.734. PMID 9563949.
• Ganju RK, Munshi N, Nair BC (1998). "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Modulates the Flk-1/KDR Receptor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, and Components of Focal Adhesion in Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells". J. Virol. 72 (7): 6131–7. PMC 110419. PMID 9621077.
• Tanimura S, Chatani Y, Hoshino R (1998). "Activation of the 41/43 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is required for hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell scattering". Oncogene. 17 (1): 57–65. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201905. PMID 9671314.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome