Follicular lymphoma risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for follicular lymphoma.

Risk factors for follicular lymphoma include:

Viruses:
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I,
- Herpesvirus associated with Kaposi sarcoma (ie, human herpesvirus [HHV]-8 )
- Hepatitis B and C viruses
Chemicals:
- Defoliants (eg, Agent Orange)
- Hair dyes

Immunodeficiency states:
- Congenital immunodeficiencies
- Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most lymphomas associated with HIV are intermediate-grade or high-grade lymphomas.
- Patients who have been on immunosuppressant drugs after organ transplantation. Most of these lymphomas are diffuse or high-grade lymphomas.
- Autoimmune diseases