Neutropenia causes

Neutropenia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Neutropenia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Neutropenia causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Neutropenia causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Neutropenia causes
on Neutropenia causes
Neutropenia causes in the news
Blogs on Neutropenia causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Neutropenia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Neutropenia causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Daniel A. Gerber, M.D. [3]

Overview

Neutropenia may be caused by drugs, cancer, radiation, vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency. Marginalization and sequestration of neutrophils also can cause neutropenia following procedures such as hemodialysis.

Causes

The most common etiologies are constitutional or benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) and drug-induced neutropenia.

Malignancy is often associated with neutropenia, due to impaired production from myelodysplastic syndromes and hematological malignancies with bone marrow infiltration, hemolysis and impaired production from cytotoxic chemotherapy, and antibody-mediated destruction of neutrophils.

Alternative etiologies include post-infectious neutropenia resulting from bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. While bacterial infections typically cause leukocytosis, salmonella, shigella enteritis, brucellosis, tularemia, tuberculosis, and rickettsial diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever can present with neutropenia.

Parasitic diseases with neutropenia include leishmaniasis with hemolysis and splenic sequestration and malaria due to hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly (HMS). Viral etiologies include HIV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, viral hepatitis, dengue fever, yellow fever, measles, varicella, and rubella.

Immunodeficiencies are frequently associated with neutropenia (38% in Hyper IgM syndrome, 12% in CVID, and 7% in X-linked agammaglobulinemia) as are autoimmune disorders including up to 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, yet with lower overall prevalence. While rheumatoid arthritis infrequently presents with neutropenia, severe neutropenia can develop in the setting of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia or Felty's syndrome.

Finally, nutritional deficiencies resulting in neutropenia are typically attributed to vitamin B12, folate, and copper and are related to inadequate dietary intake, pernicious anemia, bariatric surgery, and malabsorptive syndromes.

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Aplastic anemia
• Cancer
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy
• Hemodialysis
• Medications
• Radiation therapy
• Vitamin deficiencies e.g. folate, Vitamin B12

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic trioxide, gold salts, strontium-89
Dermatologic	Chediak-Higashi disease, dyskeratosis congenita, x-linked, Elejalde syndrome , reticular dysgenesis, reticular dysplasia
Drug Side Effect	5-azacytidine, acetophenazine, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, acyclovir, aflibercept, albendazole, alemtuzumab, allopurinol, amantadine, amiloride, aminoglutethimide, aminoglutethimide, aminopyrine, amiodarone,amodiaquine, ampicillin, amsacrine, anakinra, anidulafungin, anti-thymocyte globulin, antibiotics, antipyrine, aprepitant, aripiprazole, arsenic trioxide, asenapine, atazanavir, atovaquone, auranofin, azacitidine, azathioprine, aztreonam, barbiturates, belinostat, benazepril, bendamustine, bevacizumab, blinatumomab, boceprevir, bortezomib, bosutinib, brentuximab, busulfan, cabazitaxel, cabozantinib, canakinumab, candesartan, capecitabine, captopril, carbimazole, carboplatin, carfilzomib, carmustine, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefepime, cefixime, cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefoxitin, ceftaroline, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin, cephapirin, cephradine, cetuximab, chemotherapy, chlorambucil, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, chlorthalidone, cidofovir, cilazapril, cimetidine, cisplatin, cladribine, clarithromycin, clindamycin, clofarabine, clopidogrel, clozapine, colchicine, crizotinib, cromolyn, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, dabrafenib,dacarbazine, daclatasvir, dactinomycin, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, deferasirox, deferiprone, delavirdine, desipramine, dexrazoxane, diatrizoate, diazepam, diazoxide, dicloxacillin, Diethylpropiondiflunisal, dipyrone, docetaxel, dolutegravir, doripenem, dothiepin, doxorubicin, doxycycline, efavirenz, eflornithine, elvitegravir, enalapril, enalaprilat, enfuvirtide, enzalutamide, epirubicin, eprosartan, eribulin, etanercept, ethacrynic acid, ethambutol, ethosuximide, ethotoin, etodolac, etoposide, everolimus, felbamate, fentanyl, fidaxomicin, flucytosine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fluoxetine, fosamprenavir, foscarnet, fosinopril, ganciclovir, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemifloxacin mesylate, glyburide, golimumab, griseofulvin, guanidinium, haloperidol, hydroxycarbamide, hydroxyurea, ibuprofen lysine, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ibrutinib, ibuprofen, idarubicin, idelalisib, iloperidone, imatinib, imipenem cilastatin, indinavir, indomethacin, infliximab, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfacon-1, interferon beta-1b, irinotecan, isoniazid, isotretinoin, itraconazole, ixabepilone, lamivudine, lamotrigine, lansoprazole, lenalidomide, levamisole, levetiracetam, levomepromazine, lincomycin, linezolid, lisinopril, loxapine, lurasidone, maprotiline, maraviroc, meclofenamate, mercaptopurine, meropenem, mesalamine, methazolamide, methimazole, methotrexate, methyldopa, metolazone, mexiletine, mianserin, micafungin, mifamurtide, milnacipran, minocycline, mirtazapine, mitotane, mitoxantrone, moexipril, moxalactam, mycophenolate, mycophenolic acid, nafcillin, naproxen, nefazodone, nelarabine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nilotinib, nilutamide, norfloxacin, nortriptyline, obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, ofloxacin, olanzapine, olaparib, olsalazine,omacetaxine, omeprazole, oprelvekin, oxacillin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, palbociclib, paliperidone, panobinostat, pantoprazole, pazopanib, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed, penicillamine, penicillin, penicillin G, pentamidine, pentostatin, peramivir, perazine, perindopril, pertuzumab, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, piperacillin, piperaquine, pipothiazine, piroxicam, pixantrone, pomalidomide, ponatinib, posaconazole, pralatrexate, prednisone, probenecid, procainamide, procarbazine, prochlorperazine, proguanil, propylthiouracil, pyrimethamine, quetiapine, quinapril, quinidine, quinine, radium chloride, raltitrexed, ramipril, ramucirumab, ranitidine, rasagiline, rasburicase, regorafenib, remoxipride, ribavirin, rifabutin, rifapentine, rifaximin, rilonacept, riluzole, risperidone, ritodrine, ritonavir, rituximab, romidepsin, ruxolitinib, saquinavir, satraplatin, secukinumab, sirolimus, sodium aurothiomalate, sofosbuvir, sorafenib, stavudine, stiripentol, succimer, Sulfacetamide, Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (oral), sulfasalazine, sulfonamide, sulindac, sunitinib, suramin, tacrolimus, tedizolid, teicoplanin, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, tenofovir, terbinafine, teriflunomide, thalidomide, thiothixene, ticarcillin, ticlopidine, tipranavir, tocilizumab, tofacitinib, tolazamide, tolmetin, topotecan, tositumomab, trabectedin, trametinib, trandolapril, trastuzumab, trimethadione, trimethoprim, trimetrexate, valganciclovir, valproic acid, valrubicin, valsartan, vancomycin, vandetanib, vesnarinone, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine, vinorelbine, zidovudine, zileuton, ziprasidone, ziv-aflibercept, zoledronic acid
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hyperthyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Glycogen storage disorder, hypersplenism, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Genetic	Barth syndrome, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, Chediak-Higashi disease, Cohen syndrome, Dubowitz syndrome, Elejalde syndrome , familial histiocytic reticulosis, Fanconi syndrome, fumarate hydratase deficiency, Griscelli syndrome type 1, methylmalonic aciduria, myelokathexis, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, WHIM syndrome
Hematologic	Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, alloimmune neutropenia in infancy, aplastic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cyclical neutropenia, familial histiocytic reticulosis, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, histiocytosis X, hypersplenism, Kostmann disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, pancytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	Hemodialysis, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Brucellosis, cytomegalovirus, dengue, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human immunodeficiency virus, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, kala azar, Kostmann disease, lassa fever, Lyme disease, malaria, measles, rickettsiae, rickettsial infections, rocky mountain spotted fever, rubella, salmonella infection, sepsis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, shigellosis, tuberculosis, tularemia, varicella, visceral leishmaniasis, WHIM syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Cartilage-hair hypoplasia, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Mckusick type
Neurologic	Fumarate hydratase deficiency
Nutritional / Metabolic	Copper deficiency, glutathione synthase deficiency, glycogen storage disorder, glycogenosis type 1b, hereditary orotic aciduria, isovaleric acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, vitamin deficiencies
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytosis X, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcoholism
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Renal / Electrolyte	Fanconi syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, alloimmune neutropenia in infancy, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2, autoimmune neutropenia, common variable immune deficiency, Felty's syndrome, histiocytosis X, hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary autoimmune neutropenia, WHIM syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia, x-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.

3