Uveitis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
A myriad of conditions can lead to the development of uveitis, including systemic diseases as well as syndromes confined to the eye. In anterior uveitis, no specific diagnosis is made in approximately one-half of cases. However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with HLA-B27.
Systemic disorders causing uveitis
Systemic disorders that can cause uveitis include: White G. "Uveitis." AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.</ref>
- Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Behçet's disease
- Birdshot retinochoroidopathy
- Brucellosis
- Herpes simplex
- Herpes zoster
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Kawasaki disease
- Leptospirosis
- Lyme disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reiter's syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Syphilis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
- Whipple disease
Masquerade syndromes
Masquerade syndromes are ophthalmic disorders that clinically present as either an anterior or posterior uveitis, but are not primarily inflammatory. The following are some of the most common:
- Anterior segment
- Intraocular foreign body
- Juvenile xanthogranuloma
- Leukemia
- Malignant melanoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinal detachment
- Posterior segment
- Lymphoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Multiple sclerosis
- Reticulum cell sarcoma
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Retinoblastoma
Additionally, the causes may vary depending on the form of uveitis:
- Anterior uveitis may be associated with autoimmune diseases, but most cases occur in healthy people for unapparent reasons. The disorder may affect only one eye. It is most common in young and middle-aged people.
- Intermediate uveitis usually occurs in young men and is generally not associated with any other disease. In most cases, the cause is unknown[1]. However, some evidence suggests it may be linked to Crohn's disease and possibly multiple sclerosis [2].
- Posterior uveitis may develop in people who have an autoimmune disease or who have had a systemic (body-wide) infection. The most common cause of posterior uveitis is infections resulting from toxoplasmosis [3]