Transitional cell carcinoma other imaging findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Other Imaging Fidings
- CT urography (CT IVP) has largely replaced conventional plain film urography and is the mainstay of both diagnosis and staging of transitional cell carcinoma with sensitivity (96%) and specificity (99%).
- All imaging modalities which outline the collecting system with contrast rely on the same possible findings:
- Filling defect
- Distortion/obliteration/amputation of calices
- In addition an obstructive lesion may lead to hydronephrosis and/or non-functioning kidney (not necessarily with hydronephrosis).
When tumours are large and of papillary morphology, contrast filling the interstices between papillary projections can lead to a dappled appearance referred to as the stipple sign 2-3. This if more commonly seen in the bladder when tumours have room to grow to larger dimensions.
A calyx may be distended by a tumour within it (known as an oncocalyx) or prevented from filling with contrast (known as a phantom calyx) 4.