Atopic dermatitis primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shalinder Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Primary prevention applies to the patients with history of other atopic diseases and has not been diagnosed with atopic dermatits yet. Its primary goal is to reduce the risk of developing atopic dermatitis in the future.
Primary Prevention
- Infections
- Children who are frequently exposed to infections, carry an increased probability of development of atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases.[1]
- During pregnancy, exposure to antibiotics and infections is a crucial risk factor for the development of atopic march diseases.[2]
- Recently studies, have not did not show a positive correlation between the hygiene hypothesis and development of atopic dermatitis.[3]
- Vaccination
- Contrary to old studies, recent published studies has observed a significantly lower risk of asthma and atopic diseases in children vaccinated vs children who were not vaccinated.[4]
- Milk
- Consumption of unpasteurized milk containing probiotic bacteria, has been associated with lower risk of developing atopic dermatitis in children.[5]
- Animals
- Possession of fur animals in the house has significant affect on reduction of development of atopic dermatitis in children.[6]
- House renovation
- Mothers who have been living in a renovated areas during pregnancy has increased risk of developing atopic diseases in the children.[7]
- Breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding 4 months or more decreases the risk of development of atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases upto 4 years of age.[8]
Primary Prevention:
- Approaches to reduce development of atopic dermatitis in children:
- Minimization of administration of antibiotics in infants.
- Minimization of infections in infants.
- Exclusive breastfeeding in the first 4–6 months of age.
- Administration of probiotic bacteria in pregnant women 2–4 weeks before delivery and in infants for 6 months after birth.[9]
- Avoiding renovated houses during pregnancy.
References
- ↑ McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smith C, Collins J, Heatlie H, Frischer M, Hubbard R (January 2002). "Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: a birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109 (1): 43–50. PMID 11799364.
- ↑ McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smith C, Hubbard R (September 2002). "The importance of prenatal exposures on the development of allergic disease: a birth cohort study using the West Midlands General Practice Database". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166 (6): 827–32. doi:10.1164/rccm.200202-158OC. PMID 12231492.
- ↑ Zutavern A, Hirsch T, Leupold W, Weiland S, Keil U, von Mutius E (October 2005). "Atopic dermatitis, extrinsic atopic dermatitis and the hygiene hypothesis: results from a cross-sectional study". Clin. Exp. Allergy. 35 (10): 1301–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02350.x. PMID 16238789.
- ↑ Martignon G, Oryszczyn MP, Annesi-Maesano I (May 2005). "Does childhood immunization against infectious diseases protect from the development of atopic disease?". Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 16 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00254.x. PMID 15853947.
- ↑ Perkin MR, Strachan DP (June 2006). "Which aspects of the farming lifestyle explain the inverse association with childhood allergy?". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 117 (6): 1374–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.03.008. PMID 16751000.
- ↑ Halken S, Høst A, Hansen LG, Osterballe O (October 1992). "Effect of an allergy prevention programme on incidence of atopic symptoms in infancy. A prospective study of 159 "high-risk" infants". Allergy. 47 (5): 545–53. PMID 1485660.
- ↑ Wen HJ, Chen PC, Chiang TL, Lin SJ, Chuang YL, Guo YL (November 2009). "Predicting risk for early infantile atopic dermatitis by hereditary and environmental factors". Br. J. Dermatol. 161 (5): 1166–72. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09412.x. PMID 19785611.
- ↑ Kull I, Böhme M, Wahlgren CF, Nordvall L, Pershagen G, Wickman M (September 2005). "Breast-feeding reduces the risk for childhood eczema". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116 (3): 657–61. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.028. PMID 16159639.
- ↑ Kalliomäki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Kero P, Koskinen P, Isolauri E (April 2001). "Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial". Lancet. 357 (9262): 1076–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04259-8. PMID 11297958.