Spina bifida epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of spina bifida is approximately 3.5 per 10,000 live births per year in the U.S.[1][2]
Prevalence
The prevalence of spina bifida is approximately 187 to 890 per 100,000 live births.[3]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- Before 1960, the case-mortality rate of all forms of spina bifida was 90% to 88%.[4]
- In all patients with neural tube defects including spina bifida:[5]
- Now the mortality rate is approximately is 10.1%.
- The overall ventriculoperitoneal shunt requirement rate is 33.8%.
- The paraplegia rate is 30.7%.
- The neurogenic bladder rate is 51.6%.
- The infection rate is 6.4% after the surgical procedure.
Age
Spina bifida is more commonly observed among preterm newborns.[6]
Race
- Spina bifida usually affects individuals of the Malays and Chinese and Indians race.[3]
Gender
- Female are more commonly affected by than male. The male\male+female ratio is approximately 42%.[1]
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bass SW, Triolo AJ, Coon JM (August 1972). "Effect of DDT on the toxicity and metabolism of parathion in mice". Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 22 (4): 684–93. PMID 5045772.
- ↑ Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, Rickard R, Wang Y, Meyer RE, Anderson P, Mason CA, Collins JS, Kirby RS, Correa A (December 2010). "Updated National Birth Prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006". Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 88 (12): 1008–16. doi:10.1002/bdra.20735. PMID 20878909.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Csaba G, Körösi J (1968). "A new antitumour agent: phenazathionium-mustard salt". Neoplasma. 15 (4): 443–5. PMID 5684468.
- ↑ Lorber J (June 1971). "Results of treatment of myelomeningocele. An analysis of 524 unselected cases, with special reference to possible selection for treatment". Dev Med Child Neurol. 13 (3): 279–303. PMID 4937369.
- ↑ Carreras y Matas M (1971). "[Strabismic sensorial perversions as a cause of secondary vertical deviation]". Rev Esp Otoneurooftalmol Neurocir (in Spanish; Castilian). 29 (172): 361–3. PMID 5141554.
- ↑ Bannur BB, Purandare GM (February 1969). "Microbial production of L-lysine". Hindustan Antibiot Bull. 11 (3): 191–205. PMID 4898641.